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Verwante soorten
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Leiostomus - Soort(en) in
Sciaenidae - - Classificatie -
- Sciaenidae
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Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepède, 1802
Spot croaker
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
|
| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Leiostomus xanthurus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Leiostomus xanthurus
Picture by NOAA\NMFS\Mississippi Laboratory
Pictures | Google afbeelding
Picture by NOAA\NMFS\Mississippi Laboratory
United States (contiguous states) country information
Common names:
Spot
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: minor commercial | Ref: FAO, 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: bait: yes;
Comments: Present in the continental shelf waters off the northeastern United States (Ref. 37512). This species is one of big five historically associated with the commercial fisheries of the lower Chesapeake Bay and the North Carolina sounds. It is taken by haul seine, gill net, and pound traps. Although its current market value is as a live bait fish, it remains in demand as a food fish (fried or salted and boiled) for the older generation. Spot generally exit the Chesapeake before cold weather. In unusual situations, however, they linger and if there is a cold snap, it can succumb in large numbers (Bernie Herman - blherman@email.unc.edu, pers. comm. 01/12).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986
National Database:
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: minor commercial | Ref: FAO, 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: bait: yes;
Comments: Present in the continental shelf waters off the northeastern United States (Ref. 37512). This species is one of big five historically associated with the commercial fisheries of the lower Chesapeake Bay and the North Carolina sounds. It is taken by haul seine, gill net, and pound traps. Although its current market value is as a live bait fish, it remains in demand as a food fish (fried or salted and boiled) for the older generation. Spot generally exit the Chesapeake before cold weather. In unusual situations, however, they linger and if there is a cold snap, it can succumb in large numbers (Bernie Herman - blherman@email.unc.edu, pers. comm. 01/12).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986
National Database:
Common names from other countries
Classificatie / Names Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Leiostomus: Greek, leios = smooth + Greek,stoma = mouth (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.
Etymology: Leiostomus: Greek, leios = smooth + Greek,stoma = mouth (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie
marien; brak water demersaal; oceanodroom (Ref. 51243); diepte ? - 60 m (Ref. 10325). Subtropical; 43°N - 19°N
Verspreiding Landen | FAO regio's | Ecosystemen | Voorkomen | Point map | Introducties | Faunafri
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts to northern Mexico; absent in southern Florida.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 36.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 7251); common length : 25.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3702); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 450.00 g (Ref. 40637); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 4 Jaren (Ref. 12193)
Max length : 36.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 7251); common length : 25.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3702); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 450.00 g (Ref. 40637); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 4 Jaren (Ref. 12193)
Found usually over sandy or muddy bottoms in coastal waters to about 60 m depth. Occurs in nursery and feeding grounds in river estuaries during summer and fall. Juveniles often stay in the estuarine waters throughout the year. Feeds mainly on worms, small crustaceans and organic detritus. A small specimen of this species was caught in Tokyo Bay, Japan, probably brought in with the ballast water of a ship (Ref. 10325).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Hoofdreferentie
Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator | Medewerkers
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 09 October 2019
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel; sportvis: ja; aas: occasionally
FAO(visserij: productie; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Meer informatie
Population dynamics
Groeiparameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Lengtefrequenties
Massaconversie
Rekrutering
Abundantie
Groeiparameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Lengtefrequenties
Massaconversie
Rekrutering
Abundantie
Anatomy
Kieuwoppervlak
Brain
Otolith
Kieuwoppervlak
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Zuurstofverbruik
Zwemtype
Zwemsnelheid
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Zuurstofverbruik
Zwemtype
Zwemsnelheid
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Aquacultuurprofielen
Kweeklijnen
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
Aquacultuurprofielen
Kweeklijnen
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
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Internetbronnen
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 13.2 - 26.7, mean 24 (based on 314 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00891 (0.00570 - 0.01393), b=3.10 (2.97 - 3.23), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278): 3.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179): Hoog, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd minder dan 15 maanden (K=0.4; tmax=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).