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Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepède, 1802
Spot croaker
إضافة ملاحظاتك Fish Watcher
| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
|
| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Leiostomus xanthurus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
ارفع صور و مقاطع فيديو
Pictures | صور قوقل
Leiostomus xanthurus
Picture by NOAA\NMFS\Mississippi Laboratory
Pictures | صور قوقل
Picture by NOAA\NMFS\Mississippi Laboratory
United States (contiguous states) country information
Common names:
Spot
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: minor commercial | Ref: FAO, 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: bait: yes;
Comments: Present in the continental shelf waters off the northeastern United States (Ref. 37512). This species is one of big five historically associated with the commercial fisheries of the lower Chesapeake Bay and the North Carolina sounds. It is taken by haul seine, gill net, and pound traps. Although its current market value is as a live bait fish, it remains in demand as a food fish (fried or salted and boiled) for the older generation. Spot generally exit the Chesapeake before cold weather. In unusual situations, however, they linger and if there is a cold snap, it can succumb in large numbers (Bernie Herman - blherman@email.unc.edu, pers. comm. 01/12).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986
National Database:
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: minor commercial | Ref: FAO, 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: bait: yes;
Comments: Present in the continental shelf waters off the northeastern United States (Ref. 37512). This species is one of big five historically associated with the commercial fisheries of the lower Chesapeake Bay and the North Carolina sounds. It is taken by haul seine, gill net, and pound traps. Although its current market value is as a live bait fish, it remains in demand as a food fish (fried or salted and boiled) for the older generation. Spot generally exit the Chesapeake before cold weather. In unusual situations, however, they linger and if there is a cold snap, it can succumb in large numbers (Bernie Herman - blherman@email.unc.edu, pers. comm. 01/12).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986
National Database:
Common names from other countries
التصنيف / Names الأسماء الشائعة | مرادفات | Catalog of Fishes(جنس, الانواع) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Leiostomus: Greek, leios = smooth + Greek,stoma = mouth (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.
Etymology: Leiostomus: Greek, leios = smooth + Greek,stoma = mouth (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة القاع; محيطية (Ref. 51243); نطاق العمق ? - 60 m (Ref. 10325). Subtropical; 43°N - 19°N
التوزيع دول | مناطق الفاو | النظام البيئي | الظهور | Point map | مقدمة | Faunafri
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts to northern Mexico; absent in southern Florida.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 36.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 7251); common length : 25.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3702); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 450.00 g (Ref. 40637); العمر: 4 سنين (Ref. 12193)
Max length : 36.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 7251); common length : 25.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3702); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 450.00 g (Ref. 40637); العمر: 4 سنين (Ref. 12193)
Found usually over sandy or muddy bottoms in coastal waters to about 60 m depth. Occurs in nursery and feeding grounds in river estuaries during summer and fall. Juveniles often stay in the estuarine waters throughout the year. Feeds mainly on worms, small crustaceans and organic detritus. A small specimen of this species was caught in Tokyo Bay, Japan, probably brought in with the ballast water of a ship (Ref. 10325).
Life cycle and mating behavior النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
المرجع الرئيسي
Upload your references | مراجع | المنظم | المتعاونين
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 09 October 2019
خطر للأنسان
Harmless
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري; لعبة سمكه: نعم; طعم: occasionally
FAO(مصائد: الأنتاج; publication : search) | FishSource | البحر حولنا
مزيد من المعلومات
Population dynamics
معاملات النمو
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
الطول- الترددات
Mass conversion
توظيف
الوفرة
معاملات النمو
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
الطول- الترددات
Mass conversion
توظيف
الوفرة
Anatomy
منطقة الخياشيم
Brain
Otolith
منطقة الخياشيم
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
استهلاك الأوكسجين
نوع السباحة
سرعة السباحة
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
استهلاك الأوكسجين
نوع السباحة
سرعة السباحة
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Human related
Aquaculture systems
ملامح تربية الأحياء المائية
سلالات
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
ملامح تربية الأحياء المائية
سلالات
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
أدوات
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Download XML
مصادر علي الأنترنت
Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | البحث في مراقبي الأسماك | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes(جنس, الانواع) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(الوراثة, نيوكلوتيدة) | GloBI | GOBASE | GoMexSI (interaction data) | | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | احواض مائية عامة | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | شجرة الحياة | Wikipedia(ذهب, بحث) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | سجلات علم الحيوانات
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 13.2 - 26.7, mean 24 (based on 314 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00891 (0.00570 - 0.01393), b=3.10 (2.97 - 3.23), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref. 69278): 3.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref. 120179): عالي, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أقل من 15 شهر (K=0.4; tmax=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).