Common names from other countries
分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Issue
Hybridizes with Parophrys vetulus - the hybrid, called Inopsetta ischyra, may be found from the Bering Sea to San Francisco, California, USA (ref. 6885). Also hybridizes with Kareius bicoloratus (Ref. 27547).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 降海洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 375 m (Ref. 6793). 極; 73°N - 33°N, 124°E - 119°W
Northern Pacific, from the Yellow Sea along coasts of Korean Peninsula, Russian Far East, and Japanese Arch. to the Arctic, including Chukchi and Beaufort seas, extending to the south through the Bering Sea to California.
北太平洋: 韓國與日本南部經過白令海峽與阿拉斯加州北極圈 (參考文獻 2850) 籍的到加冕禮灣, 加拿大西北地區與聖芭芭拉，美國的南加州。 與 副眉鰈〔Parophrys vetulus〕 雜交 - 那雜交, 稱為 強鰈〔Inopsetta ischyra〕 , 可能被發現於從白令海到舊金山，美國加州。 也雜交 石鰈〔Kareius bicoloratus〕 。 (參考文獻 27547)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 35 - ? cm
Max length : 91.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2850); common length : 57.5 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大体重: 9.1 kg (Ref. 2850); 最大年龄: 42 年 (Ref. 117245)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 52 - 66; 臀棘: 1; 臀鳍软条: 38 - 47; 脊椎骨: 34 - 37. Distinguished by the presence of both eyes on the same side of the head, dorsal and anal fins that are marked with dark and light (white to orange) bars, and especially, by the stellate, bony tubercles scattered over its body (Ref. 27547). Dorsal originates over middle of upper eye; anal with a sharp, forward pointing spine (often buried in skin) before first ray; pectorals are bluntly pointed; caudal slightly rounded (Ref. 27547). Eyed side dark brown to nearly black, sometimes with indefinite blotchings (Alaskans specimens sometimes with a greenish tinge); blind side white to creamy; dorsal fin with 4 to 7 dark bars with white to orange spaces between; anal fin with 4 to 6 such bars; caudal fin with 3 or 4 dark longitudinal bars on its posterior part; in rare cases, the blind side may be partly or completely colored like the eyed side, or white may be present on the eyed side, creating a piebald effect (Ref. 27547, 28897, 28898).
区别的特徵为那有两眼在头部的相同侧边, 背鳍与臀鳍那是有显着的深色而淡的 (白色到橘色的) 横带, 而且尤其，藉由星形又多骨的小瘤散布在它的身体.(参考文献 27547) 背部的在眼睛上方的中央之上开始; 肛门的具有一个锐利地, 朝向前面的棘 (时常埋藏在皮肤之中) 以前第一个鳍条; 胸鳍是顿尖的; 尾部的略圆.(参考文献 27547) 有眼睛的一边深褐色的到几乎黑色, 有时有不确定的 blotchings;(阿拉斯加人标本有时有一种呈绿色的淡色) 没有眼睛的一边白色到乳脂色的; 背鳍有用白色到橘色的间隔空间的 4 到 7条深色的横带; 臀鳍有 4 到 6条如此的横带; 尾鳍有 3 或 4 深色的纵向横带在它的较后面的部分; 在少数情形下，没有眼睛的一边部分可能是或者完全彩色像有眼睛的一边, 或白色可能是位于有眼睛的一边之上, 创造斑纹的效果.(参考文献 27547,28897,28898)
Found inshore, often in very shallow water and in estuaries during the summer; moving into deeper water in the winter (Ref. 27547). However, they may occur in deep water throughout the year (Ref. 27547). Does not venture into water of high salinities (Ref. 28899). Young and adults move up rivers, as much as 120 km (Ref. 27547). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on crustaceans, worms, small mollusks, brittle stars, and small fishes (Ref. 6885). Important game fish (Ref. 2850). Utilized fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, boiled, microwaved, and baked (Ref. 9988).
发现于岸边了, 常见于很浅的水域中与在河口在夏天期间; 在冬天迁进较深的水域。 (参考文献 27547) 然而，他们可能出现在深水域全年度。 (参考文献 27547) 不会冒险进入高的盐度的水.(参考文献 28899) 幼鱼与成鱼移动从河口向上, 高达 120 公里.(参考文献 27547) 吃甲壳动物，蠕虫，小的软件动物，海星与小鱼。 (参考文献 6885) 重要的游钓鱼类.(参考文献 2850) 生鲜使用与冷冻; 清蒸,油炸,煮沸, 微波了, 而且烧烤了.(参考文献 9988)
Onset of metamorphosis occurs at 10.5 mm. First settlement of youngs are in shallow silty-sandy substrates, usually in estuaries (Ref. 117245).北太平洋: 韓國與日本南部經過白令海峽與阿拉斯加州北極圈 (參考文獻 2850) 籍的到加冕禮灣, 加拿大西北地區與聖芭芭拉，美國的南加州。 與 副眉鰈〔Parophrys vetulus〕 雜交 - 那雜交, 稱為 強鰈〔Inopsetta ischyra〕 , 可能被發現於從白令海到舊金山，美國加州。 也雜交 石鰈〔Kareius bicoloratus〕 。 (參考文獻 27547)
Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 0.2 - 8.3, mean 3.2 (based on 669 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00708 - 0.00933), b=3.09 (3.05 - 3.13), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2-3; tmax=24).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (61 of 100).
