Common names from other countries
Issue
Hybridizes with Parophrys vetulus - the hybrid, called Inopsetta ischyra, may be found from the Bering Sea to San Francisco, California, USA (ref. 6885). Also hybridizes with Kareius bicoloratus (Ref. 27547).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien; zoet water; brak water demersaal; katadroom (Ref. 51243); diepte 0 - 375 m (Ref. 6793). Polar; 73°N - 33°N, 124°E - 119°W
Northern Pacific, from the Yellow Sea along coasts of Korean Peninsula, Russian Far East, and Japanese Arch. to the Arctic, including Chukchi and Beaufort seas, extending to the south through the Bering Sea to California.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ?, range 35 - ? cm
Max length : 91.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 2850); common length : 57.5 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 12193); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 9.1 kg (Ref. 2850); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 42 Jaren (Ref. 117245)
Korte beschrijving
Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 52 - 66; Anale stekels: 1; Anale zachte stralen: 38 - 47; Wervels: 34 - 37. Distinguished by the presence of both eyes on the same side of the head, dorsal and anal fins that are marked with dark and light (white to orange) bars, and especially, by the stellate, bony tubercles scattered over its body (Ref. 27547). Dorsal originates over middle of upper eye; anal with a sharp, forward pointing spine (often buried in skin) before first ray; pectorals are bluntly pointed; caudal slightly rounded (Ref. 27547). Eyed side dark brown to nearly black, sometimes with indefinite blotchings (Alaskans specimens sometimes with a greenish tinge); blind side white to creamy; dorsal fin with 4 to 7 dark bars with white to orange spaces between; anal fin with 4 to 6 such bars; caudal fin with 3 or 4 dark longitudinal bars on its posterior part; in rare cases, the blind side may be partly or completely colored like the eyed side, or white may be present on the eyed side, creating a piebald effect (Ref. 27547, 28897, 28898).
Found inshore, often in very shallow water and in estuaries during the summer; moving into deeper water in the winter (Ref. 27547). However, they may occur in deep water throughout the year (Ref. 27547). Does not venture into water of high salinities (Ref. 28899). Young and adults move up rivers, as much as 120 km (Ref. 27547). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on crustaceans, worms, small mollusks, brittle stars, and small fishes (Ref. 6885). Important game fish (Ref. 2850). Utilized fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, boiled, microwaved, and baked (Ref. 9988).
Onset of metamorphosis occurs at 10.5 mm. First settlement of youngs are in shallow silty-sandy substrates, usually in estuaries (Ref. 117245).
Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van minder commercieel belang; sportvis: ja
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Internetbronnen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 0.2 - 8.3, mean 3.2 (based on 669 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00708 - 0.00933), b=3.09 (3.05 - 3.13), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (tm=2-3; tmax=24).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (61 of 100).
