United States (contiguous states) country information

Common names: English sole, English sole
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: In range Ref. 6885.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Carlottin anglais, Soya inglesa, 侧枝鲽, ... more

Classification / Names Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Pleuronectinae
Etymology: More on author: Girard.

Issue
Hybridizes with Platichthys stellatus - the hybrid, called Inopsetta ischyra, may be found from the Bering Sea to San Francisco, California, USA.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

marina bottenlevande; havsvandrande (Ref. 51243); djupintervall 0 - 550 m (Ref. 6793). Temperate; 61°N - 28°N, 163°E - 114°W

Utbredning Länder | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Point map | Utplanteringar | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: from Russia to Agattu Island, north to Nunivak Island, Alaska, then South to Mexico, Baja California, Mexico.

Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age

Maturity: L_m 31.0, range 30 - 32 cm
Max length : 49.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 6885); 57.0 cm TL (female); common length : 33.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 56527); publicerad maxvikt: 1.5 kg (Ref. 56527); rapporterad maxålder: 22 år (Ref. 55701)

Short description Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri

Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 0; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 72 - 92; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 45 - 70; Ryggkotor: 41 - 44. Dorsal origin above middle of upper eye. Pectorals inclined to be pointed.

Adults inhabit sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 4925). Young occur in intertidal areas. Feed on small crustaceans, marine worms, brittle stars and small mollusks (Ref. 6885). Spawning adults make extensive migrations (Ref. 6885).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator : Amaoka, Kunio | Medarbetare

Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 17 September 2020

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fiskeri: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja

FAO(fiskeri: produktion; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Ytterligare information

Trophic ecology
Födoslag
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Predatorer

Ecology
Ekologi
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Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
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Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
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Fecundities
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Egg(s)
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Larver
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Distribution
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Anatomy
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Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
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Swimming type
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Visual pigment(s)
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Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
Genetik
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Human related
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Vattenbruksprofiler
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Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

Outreach
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Taxonomy
Populärnamn
synonymer
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References
referenser

Verktyg

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Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Summary page | Point data | Populärnamn | Photos

Internet-källor

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 3.4 - 8.3, mean 5.6 (based on 245 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00575 (0.00358 - 0.00924), b=3.03 (2.89 - 3.17), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278): 3.4 ±0.46 se; based on food items.

Resiliens (Ref. 120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (tm=3; tmax=22; K=0.24; Fec=150,000).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): High.

Parophrys vetulus Girard, 1854