Common names from other countries
分类 / 名称
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Teleostei >
Perciformes/Percoidei (Perchs) >
Percidae (Perches) > Luciopercinae
Etymology: vitreus: vitrea meaning glassy, alluding to the nature of the large, silvery eyes (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Mitchill.
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 126106); 深度上下限 0 - 27 m (Ref. 11002). 溫帶; 1°C - 29°C (Ref. 12741); 70°N - 30°N, 137°W - 69°W (Ref. 86798)
North America: St. Lawrence-Great Lakes, Arctic, and Mississippi River basins from Quebec to Northwest Territories in Canada, and south to Alabama and Arkansas in the USA; possibly native to Mobile Bay basin. Widely introduced elsewhere in the USA, including Atlantic and Pacific drainages.
北美洲: 從魁北克到西北地區在加拿大的聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區，北極圈與密西西比河流域,在美國南至阿拉巴馬州與阿肯色州。 廣泛地引入了美國，包括大西洋，灣與太平洋的流域的其他地方。 很少發現於北美洲的半鹹淡水域了。 (參考文獻 1998)
首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm 42.5, range 36 - 44.8 cm
Max length : 107 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1998); common length : 54.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大体重: 11.3 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年龄: 29 年 (Ref. 12193)
背棘 (总数) : 13 - 17; 背的软条 (总数) : 18 - 22; 臀棘: 2; 臀鳍软条: 11 - 14; 脊椎骨: 44 - 48. Nuptial tubercles absent. Differentiation of sexes difficult. Branchiostegal rays 7,7 or 7,8 (Ref. 1998).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: compressed.
珠星不存在。 性别的区别困难的。 鳃条骨 7,7 或 7,8.(参考文献 1998)
Adults occur in lakes, pools, backwaters, and runs of medium to large rivers. Frequently found in clear water, usually near brush (Ref. 86798). They prefer large, shallow lakes with high turbidity (Ref. 9988, 10294). Rarely found in brackish waters (Ref. 1998). They feed at night, mainly on insects and fishes (with preference for yellow perch and freshwater drum but will take any fish available) also feed on crayfish, snails, frogs, mudpuppies, and small mammals when fish and insects are scarce (Ref. 1998). Although not widely farmed commercially for consumption, large numbers are hatched and raised for stocking lakes for game fishing (Ref. 9988). Utilized fresh or frozen; eaten pan-fried, broiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
出现于湖，水池，洄水区与中型到大型河川的小支流。 偏爱大的, 用高浑浊度的浅湖泊.(参考文献 9988) 在晚上觅食, 主要吃昆虫与鱼 (偏爱黄笛鲷与淡水舵鱼但是将采有用的任何鱼) 但是当鱼与昆虫是难得的时候吃小龙虾，蜗牛，青蛙， mudpuppies 与小的哺乳动物.(参考文献 1998) 虽然不广泛地为消费商业养殖, 大的数量被孵化而且升起为游钓鱼类育种使用湖.(参考文献 9988) 生鲜使用或冷冻; 吃油锅炸的, 火烤了, 微波了而且烧烤了.(参考文献 9988)
Spawning occurs in small groups (a larger female and two smaller males or two females and up to six males) that engage in chasing, circular swimming, and fin erection. The group then ascends to shallow water, females roll on their side, and eggs and sperm are released. Deposition of eggs usually occurs in a single night (Ref. 1998). Larvae pelagic (Ref. 7471).北美洲: 從魁北克到西北地區在加拿大的聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區，北極圈與密西西比河流域,在美國南至阿拉巴馬州與阿肯色州。 廣泛地引入了美國，包括大西洋，灣與太平洋的流域的其他地方。 很少發現於北美洲的半鹹淡水域了。 (參考文獻 1998)
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 实验的; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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特别资料
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基于模型的估算
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00631 (0.00481 - 0.00827), b=3.15 (3.07 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.7 (3.0 - 3.8) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 42
growth studies.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.05-0.45; tm=2-4; tmax=29; Fec=41,061).
渔业脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).
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营养素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 83.9 [34.8, 196.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.483 [0.192, 1.201] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.9, 19.3] %; Omega3 = 0.17 [0.07, 0.35] g/100g; Selenium = 7.44 [1.82, 31.88] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.6 [6.9, 51.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.913 [0.526, 1.539] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
