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Mycteroperca microlepis (Goode & Bean, 1879)
Gag
Add your observation in Fish Watcher
| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Mycteroperca microlepis AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
United States (contiguous states) country information
Common names:
Charcoal belly, Gag, Grouper
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Juveniles occur as far as Massachusetts. One of the most important groupers in the sport and commercial fisheries of the southwest coast. An all-tackle record of 32.11 kg for this species, caught off Destin, Florida, was published in the 1990 World Record Game Fishes. Also Ref. 2176, 26280, 89707.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993
National Database:
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Juveniles occur as far as Massachusetts. One of the most important groupers in the sport and commercial fisheries of the southwest coast. An all-tackle record of 32.11 kg for this species, caught off Destin, Florida, was published in the 1990 World Record Game Fishes. Also Ref. 2176, 26280, 89707.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993
National Database:
Common names from other countries
Classification / Names Nomi Comuni | Sinonimi | Catalog of Fishes(Genere, Specie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Mycteroperca: Greek, mykter, -eros = nose + Greek, perke = perch (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Goode & Bean.
Etymology: Mycteroperca: Greek, mykter, -eros = nose + Greek, perke = perch (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Goode & Bean.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia
marino; salmastro associati a barriera corallina; oceanodromo (Ref. 51243); distribuzione batimetrica 30 - 160 m (Ref. 89707). Subtropical; 40°N - 27°S, 98°W - 38°W (Ref. 5222)
Distribuzione Stati | Aree FAO | Ecosystems | Presenze | Point map | Introduzioni | Faunafri
Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA (with juveniles occurring as far north as Massachusetts) to the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Rare in Bermuda; one record in Cuba; also reported from eastern Brazil.
Length at first maturity / Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm 63.1, range 51 - ? cm
Max length : 145 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 40637); common length : 50.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 3708); peso massimo pubblicato: 36.5 kg (Ref. 40637); Età massima riportata: 31 anni (Ref. 118445)
Max length : 145 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 40637); common length : 50.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 3708); peso massimo pubblicato: 36.5 kg (Ref. 40637); Età massima riportata: 31 anni (Ref. 118445)
Short description Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria
Spine dorsali (totale) : 11; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 16 - 18; Spine anali: 3; Raggi anali molli: 10 - 12. Distinguished by the following characteristics: adult females and juveniles are generally brownish grey with dark vermiculations; camouflage phase has 5 dark brown saddles separated by short white bars below the dorsal fin; large males sometimes display a "black-belly" and "black-back" phase; black-belly phase is mostly pale grey, with faint dark reticulations below soft dorsal fin, belly and ventral part of the body above anal fin black, as are margin of the soft dorsal fin, central rear part of caudal fin and rear margins of pectoral and pelvic fins; depth of body contained 3.0-3.5 times in SL; head length 2.5-2.7 times in SL; convex interorbital area; angle of preopercle produced into a rounded lobe bearing enlarged serrae; posterior nostrils of adults much larger than anterior ones; smooth lateral body scales, except those covering pectoral fin (Ref. 89707).
Juveniles occur in estuaries and seagrass beds; adults are usually found offshore on rocky bottom (rarely to 152 m), occasionally inshore on rocky or grassy bottom. It is the most common grouper on rocky ledges in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Adults are either solitary or in groups of 5 to 50 individuals; feed mainly on fishes, some crabs, shrimps, and cephalopods. Juveniles (less than 20 cm) feed mainly on crustaceans that live in shallow grass beds.
Life cycle and mating behavior Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecundity | Larve
Indeterminate, multiple spawner (Ref. 86690).
Main reference
Upload your references | Bibliografia | Coordinatore | Collaboratori
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Vulnerabile, vedi Lista Rossa IUCN (VU) (A4bd); Date assessed: 21 November 2016
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: elevato interesse commerciale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si
FAO(pesca: production; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Informazioni ulteriori
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Reclutamento
Abbondanza
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Reclutamento
Abbondanza
Life cycle
Riproduzione
Maturità
Fecundity
Deposizione
Spawning aggregations
Uova
Egg development
Larve
Dinamica popolazioni larvali
Riproduzione
Maturità
Fecundity
Deposizione
Spawning aggregations
Uova
Egg development
Larve
Dinamica popolazioni larvali
Anatomy
Area branchiale
Brain
Otolith
Area branchiale
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
Genetica
Heterozygosity
Ereditarietà
Genetica
Heterozygosity
Ereditarietà
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Profili di acquacoltura
Varietà
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
Profili di acquacoltura
Varietà
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Strumenti
E-book | Giuda pratica | Chiavi di identificazione | Generatore frequenze di lunghezza | Strumento Parametri Biologici | Mappa dei ritrovamenti | Classification Tree
| Catch-MSY |
Special reports
Download XML
Fonti Internet
Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes(Genere, Specie) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | GOBASE | GoMexSI (interaction data) | | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Database Nazionali | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Acquari pubblici | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia(Go, ricerca) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 18.3 - 27.1, mean 23.8 (based on 123 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00764 - 0.01193), b=3.04 (3.01 - 3.07), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.7 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Resilienza (Ref. 120179): Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (K=0.12-0.16; tm=3-8; tmax=16; Fec>10,000).
Prior r = 0.51, 95% CL = 0.34 - 0.77, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100).