United States (contiguous states) country information

Common names: Grouper, Warsaw grouper
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: From Massachusetts to Texas (Ref. 5222). Also Ref. 276, 26340, 89707, 115080, 115082.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Mérou Varsovie, Mero negro, 浅黑石斑鱼, ... more

Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinônimos | Catalog of Fishes(Gênero, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology:

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marinhas demersal; oceanódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 55 - 525 m (Ref. 5222). Tropical; 43°N - 34°S, 98°W - 35°W

Distribuição Países | Áreas da FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA to the Gulf of Mexico, Cuba, Trinidad, Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo (Ref. 47377), Brazil. Rare in the West Indies (Cuba, Haiti, and Trinidad). Reports from the eastern Pacific are apparently misidentifications of Epinephelus exsul.

Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 230 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 5222); peso máx. publicado: 198.1 kg (Ref. 4699); idade máx. registrada: 91 anos (Ref. 127586)

Descrição suscinta Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria

Espinhos dorsais (total) : 10; Raios dorsais (total) : 13 - 15; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais : 9. Distinguished by the following characteristics: dark reddish brown or brownish grey to almost black dorsally, dull reddish grey below; depth of body contained 2.4-2.6 times in SL; head length 2.1-2.5 times in SL; distinctly convex interorbital area; angular preopercle, rounded angle, with slightly enlarged serrae and with 1-2 small spines on lower edge just in front of angle; smooth interopercle and subopercle; subequal nostrils, posterior nostrils slightly larger; maxilla reaches well past eye; 4-5 rows of small teeth on midside part of lower jaw in adults and juveniles with 2-3 rows (Ref. 89707).

A solitary species (Ref. 26340) usually found on rocky bottoms; juveniles are occasionally seen on jetties and shallow reefs (Ref. 89707). Adults feed on a variety of crabs, shrimps, lobsters, and fishes. Marketed fresh.

Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador | Colaboradores

Craig, M.T. and P.A. Hastings, 2007. A molecular phylogeny of the groupers of the subfamily Epinephelinae (Serranidae) with revised classification of the epinephelini. Ichthyol. Res. 54:1-17. (Ref. 83414)

Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)

Quase ameaçada (NT) ; Date assessed: 21 November 2016

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para os humanos

Harmless

Uso pelos humanos

Pescarias: espécies comerciais; peixe esportivo: sim

FAO(pescarias: produção; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 13.8 - 23.1, mean 18.3 (based on 82 cells).

Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.00685 - 0.02536), b=3.05 (2.89 - 3.21), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.61 se; based on food items.

Resiliência (Ref. 120179): Baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 4,5 - 14 anos (K=0.05-0.14; tmax=24).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).

Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Hyporthodus nigritus (Holbrook, 1855)