Merluccius merluccius, European hake : fisheries, gamefish

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Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758)

European hake
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Merluccius merluccius   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Merluccius merluccius (European hake)
Merluccius merluccius
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Isle of Man territory information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: fairly common (chances are about 50%) | Ref: Bruce, J.R., J.S. Colman and N.S. Jones, 1963
Importance: commercial | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Common in trawl in depths of 50 m or more. Spawning: August - September
National Checklist:
Territory Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/im.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Bruce, J.R., J.S. Colman and N.S. Jones, 1963
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Klassificering / Namn Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Gadiformes (Cods) > Merlucciidae (Merluccid hakes)
Etymology: Merluccius: Latin, mar, maris = the sea + Latin, lucius = pike (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde Ekologi

marina bottenlevande; djupintervall 18 - 1075 m (Ref. 58452), usually 70 - 400 m (Ref. 35388). Temperate; 76°N - 18°N, 30°W - 42°E (Ref. 58452)

Utbredning Territorier | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Prickkarta | Utplanteringar | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: Norway and Iceland, southward to Mauritania. Also in the Mediterranean Sea and along the southern coast of the Black Sea.

Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder

Könsmognad: Lm 42.1, range 20 - 70 cm
Max length : 140 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 1371); common length : 45.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 1371); publicerad maxvikt: 15.0 kg (Ref. 1371); rapporterad maxålder: 20 år (Ref. 35388)

Kort beskrivning Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri

Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 0; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 43 - 51; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 36 - 40. Inside of mouth and branchial cavity black. Second dorsal and anal fins notched. First vertebra and neural spine attached to skull. Vertebrae 50-52.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.

Biologi     Ordlista (t.ex. epibenthic)

Minimum depth from Ref. 128002. Found usually between 70 and 370 m depth. Adults live close to the bottom during day-time, but move off-bottom at night. Adults feed mainly on fish (small hakes, anchovies, pilchard, herrings, cod fishes, sardines and gadoid species) and squids. The young feed on crustaceans (especially euphausiids and amphipods). Are batch spawners (Ref. 51846). Almost entirely marketed fresh, whole or filleted, to specialized restaurants or retail markets (Ref. 58452). Utilized fresh, dried or salted and frozen; can be steamed, fried, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Stocks seem to be over-fished (Ref. 35388).

Livscykel och parningsbeteende Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver

Continuous recruitment of oocytes connotes indeterminate fecundity for this species (Ref. 79799).

Huvudreferens Ladda upp dina referenser | referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)

Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 October 2015

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Hot mot människor

  Harmless





Mänskliga användningsområden

Fiskeri: kommersiellt viktig; sportfisk: ja
FAO - fiskeri: landningar, artprofil; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Havet omkring oss

Ytterligare information

Utbredning
Territorier
FAO områden
Ekosystem
Förekomster
Utplanteringar
BRUVS - Videor
Anatomi
Gälyta
Hjärna
Otolit
Fysiologi
Kroppssammansättning
Näringsämnen
Syreförbrukning
Typ av simning
Simhastighet
Visuella pigment
Ljud från fisk
Sjukdomar & Parasiter
Toxicitet (LC50)
Genetik
Genom
Genetik
Heterozygositet
Ärftlighet
Människorelaterad
Vattenbrukssystem
Vattenbruksprofiler
Avelslinjer
Ciguatera-fall
Frimärken, mynt, diverse.
Uppsökande verksamhet
Medarbetare
referenser
referenser

Verktyg

Särskilda rapporter

Ladda ner XML

Internet-källor

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Släkte, Arter | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - fiskeri: landningar, artprofil; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Nationella databaser | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, sök | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoologiskt register

Uppskattningar baserade på modeller

Önskad temperatur (Ref. 123201): 6.9 - 15.4, mean 10.2 °C (based on 672 cells).
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00513 (0.00447 - 0.00588), b=3.11 (3.07 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278):  4.4   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 9.2 (8.5 - 10.4) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 92 growth studies.
Resiliens (Ref. 120179):  Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (K=0.1; tm=3, tmax=20; Fecundity=7 million).
Prior r = 0.48, 95% CL = 0.32 - 0.72, Based on 34 full stock assessments.
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (65 of 100). 🛈
Sårbarhet för klimatet (Ref. 125649):  Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100). 🛈
Priskategori (Ref. 80766):   High.
Näringsämnen (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 8.42 [4.50, 24.86] mg/100g; Iron = 0.22 [0.08, 0.52] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.7, 18.7] %; Omega3 = 0.248 [0.172, 0.355] g/100g; Selenium = 34.6 [19.1, 64.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.8 [3.4, 39.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.246 [0.175, 0.341] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.