United Kingdom country information

Common names: Black halibut, Blue halibut, Greenland halibut
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: scarce (very unlikely) | Ref: Swaby, S.E. and G.W. Potts, 1990
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Nielsen, J.G., 1986
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Flétan noir, Fletán negro, Палтус черный (=палтус гренландский), ... more

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Hippoglossinae
Etymology: Reinhardtius: Because of Johannes Christopher H. Reinhardt, Danish zoologist, studied under Vahl and Cuvier, professor in Kobanhavn in 1813 (1776-1845) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Walbaum.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; benthopelagic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 1 - 2200 m (Ref. 108960), usually 500 - 1000 m (Ref. 6263). Boreal; -1°C - 4°C (Ref. 43586); 79°N - 33°N, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 54862)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Circumglobal: In arctic and temperate waters; northern hemisphere. Sea of Japan off Honshu north to Shishmaref, Alaska in the Chukchi Sea, throughout the Aleutian Islands, and southeast to northern Baja California, Mexico. North Atlantic: New Jersey, USA to Spitsbergen (Svalbard Islands) and the Barents Sea south to Ireland. Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951).

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m 63.5, range 65 - 80 cm
Max length : 110 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 80637); 130.0 cm TL (female); common length : 56.0 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref. 55110); max. published weight: 7.0 kg (Ref. 173); max. published weight: 7.0 kg; max. reported age: 36 years (Ref. 117245)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 83 - 108; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 62 - 79; Vertebrae: 60 - 64. Dorsal origin behind posterior edge of upper eye. Caudal slightly forked to truncate. Pectorals small.

Often caught pelagically (Ref. 4705). Adults prefer bottom temperatures of -0.5°C to 6.0°C (Ref. 5951). Epibenthic (Ref. 58426). Feed on crustaceans, fishes (Ref. 4705, 6885), eelpouts, capelin, redfishes, deep sea prawns and other bottom invertebrates (Ref. 35388). Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Utilized dried or salted and frozen; can be steamed and fried (Ref. 9988). Size of the Greenland halibut collected from 400-599 m deep in eastern Bering Sea, ranged from 9 to 99 cm FL with a mean of 56 cm (Ref. 55110).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Fertilized eggs develop in approximately 50 days. Larvae are pelagic with a maximum size of 8 cm and will drift for about 4 months before settling at about 7 cm on clay-silt subtrates at depths of 300-450 m, after which they metamorphose (Ref. 117245).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Amaoka, Kunio | Collaborators

Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Near Threatened (NT) (A4bcd); Date assessed: 24 February 2021

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: highly commercial

FAO(Fisheries: production, species profile; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 0.5 - 4.2, mean 3 (based on 361 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00363 (0.00292 - 0.00452), b=3.19 (3.12 - 3.26), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.4 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.07-0.10; tm=7-12; tmax=30; Fec=6,800).

Prior r = 0.26, 95% CL = 0.17 - 0.39, Based on 13 full stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum, 1792)