Thailand country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Known from Rayong, Thachalom (Samut Sakhon), Ko Maew (Songkhla), Si Racha (Chon Buri), Chumphon, Prachuap Khiri Khan and Andaman Sea (Ref. 37773). Also Ref. 3415, 9987.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Monkolprasit, S., S. Sontirat, S. Vimollohakarn and T. Songsirikul, 1997
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Turbot épineux-indien, Lenguado espinudo-indio, Pacific halibut, ... more

Classification / Names Κοινά ονόματα | Συνώνυμα | Catalog of Fishes(Γένος, Είδη) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Psettodidae (Psettodids)
Etymology: Psettodes: Greek, psetta = grouper + Greek, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Bloch & Schneider.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Οικολογία

Θαλασσινό(ά) βενθικό(ς); εύρος βάθους 1 - 100 m (Ref. 9792), usually 20 - 50 m (Ref. 9792). Tropical; 26°N - 21°S, 43°E - 156°E (Ref. 54739)

Κατανομή Χώρες | Περιοχές FAO | Οικοσυστήματα | Παρουσίες | Point map | Εισαγωγές | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Japan and Australia.

Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age

Maturity: L_m 38.0, range 37 - 39 cm
Max length : 64.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 6006); common length : 50.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 5450); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 9.0 kg (Ref. 1468)

Short description Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία

Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 9 - 11; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 38 - 45; Εδρικές άκανθες: 1; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 33 - 43; Σπόνδυλοι: 23 - 25. Body oval and flat, but thicker than in most other flatfishes. Mouth large with strong teeth; maxillary extends well beyond hind edge of lower eye; both eyes on left or right side; upper eye lying immediately below dorsal edge; gill rakers not developed. Dorsal fin origin well posterior to eyes; anterior fin rays spinous; lateral line almost straight. Color usually brown or grey, sometimes with 4 broad, dark crossbars. Dorsal, anal and caudal fin tips black. Blind side occasionally partially colored. (Other sources of morphological data: Refs. 591, 529, 4416, 5997 and 6000).

Found on sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 9796, 48637). Usually deeply burried in the substrate during the day, but out and hunting at night (Ref. 48637). Often swims in an upright position (Ref. 9796). Mainly piscivorous (Ref. 5986). Mainly sold fresh (Ref. 5213); also utilized smoked and frozen (Ref. 9987). Processed into fish flour (Ref. 6040).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες

Studies in Porto Novo, India (Refs. 5993 & 5997) show that the sex ratio significantly differ from 1:1, but the reports are ambiguous as to which sex predominates.

Main reference Upload your references | Αναφορές | Συντονιστής : Amaoka, Kunio | Συνεργάτες

Nielsen, J.G., 1984. Psettodidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 3. (Ref. 3485)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Data deficient (DD) ; Date assessed: 15 August 2019

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά)

FAO(αλιεία: Παραγωγή, species profile; publication : search) | FishSource | Η θάλασσα γύρω μας

Περισσότερες πληροφορίες

Trophic ecology
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Food consumptions
Food rations
Θηρευτές

Ecology
Οικολογία
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Population dynamics
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Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
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Life cycle
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Maturities
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Anatomy
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Physiology
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Visual pigment(s)
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Human related
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Προφίλ υδατοκαλλιεργειών
Στελέχοι
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

Outreach
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Κοινά ονόματα
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References
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Εργαλεία

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Summary page | Σημειακά στοιχεία | Κοινά ονόματα | Photos

Διαδικτυακές πηγές

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 26.6 - 29.1, mean 28.2 (based on 1198 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00507 - 0.00901), b=3.14 (3.06 - 3.22), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref. 69278): 4.4 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.

Ελαστικότητα (Ref. 120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (K=0.26-0.5; tm=3-4; Fec=300,000).

Prior r = 0.74, 95% CL = 0.49 - 1.11, Based on 3 data-limited stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): High.

Psettodes erumei (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)