Thailand country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Known from Rayong, Thachalom (Samut Sakhon), Ko Maew (Songkhla), Si Racha (Chon Buri), Chumphon, Prachuap Khiri Khan and Andaman Sea (Ref. 37773). Also Ref. 3415, 9987.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Monkolprasit, S., S. Sontirat, S. Vimollohakarn and T. Songsirikul, 1997
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Turbot épineux-indien, Lenguado espinudo-indio, Pacific halibut, ... more

Classification / Names Noms communs | Synonymes | Catalog of Fishes(Genre, Espèce) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Psettodidae (Psettodids)
Etymology: Psettodes: Greek, psetta = grouper + Greek, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Bloch & Schneider.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Écologie

marin démersal; profondeur 1 - 100 m (Ref. 9792), usually 20 - 50 m (Ref. 9792). Tropical; 26°N - 21°S, 43°E - 156°E (Ref. 54739)

Distribution Pays | Zones FAO | Écosystèmes | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Japan and Australia.

Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge

Maturity: L_m 38.0, range 37 - 39 cm
Max length : 64.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 6006); common length : 50.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 5450); poids max. publié: 9.0 kg (Ref. 1468)

Description synthétique Clés d'identification | Morphologie | Morphométrie

Épines dorsales (Total) : 9 - 11; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total) : 38 - 45; Épines anales: 1; Rayons mous anaux: 33 - 43; Vertèbres: 23 - 25. Body oval and flat, but thicker than in most other flatfishes. Mouth large with strong teeth; maxillary extends well beyond hind edge of lower eye; both eyes on left or right side; upper eye lying immediately below dorsal edge; gill rakers not developed. Dorsal fin origin well posterior to eyes; anterior fin rays spinous; lateral line almost straight. Color usually brown or grey, sometimes with 4 broad, dark crossbars. Dorsal, anal and caudal fin tips black. Blind side occasionally partially colored. (Other sources of morphological data: Refs. 591, 529, 4416, 5997 and 6000).

Found on sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 9796, 48637). Usually deeply burried in the substrate during the day, but out and hunting at night (Ref. 48637). Often swims in an upright position (Ref. 9796). Mainly piscivorous (Ref. 5986). Mainly sold fresh (Ref. 5213); also utilized smoked and frozen (Ref. 9987). Processed into fish flour (Ref. 6040).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larves

Studies in Porto Novo, India (Refs. 5993 & 5997) show that the sex ratio significantly differ from 1:1, but the reports are ambiguous as to which sex predominates.

Référence principale Upload your references | Références | Coordinateur : Amaoka, Kunio | Collaborateurs

Nielsen, J.G., 1984. Psettodidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 3. (Ref. 3485)

Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Données manquantes (DD) ; Date assessed: 15 August 2019

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Menace pour l'homme

Harmless

Utilisations par l'homme

Pêcheries: commercial

FAO(pêcheries: production, Résumé espèce; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Trophic ecology
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 26.6 - 29.1, mean 28.2 (based on 1198 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00507 - 0.00901), b=3.14 (3.06 - 3.22), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Niveau trophique (Ref. 69278): 4.4 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.

Résilience (Ref. 120179): Milieu, temps minimum de doublement de population : 1,4 à 4,4 années (K=0.26-0.5; tm=3-4; Fec=300,000).

Prior r = 0.74, 95% CL = 0.49 - 1.11, Based on 3 data-limited stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).

Catégorie de prix (Ref. 80766): High.

Psettodes erumei (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)