Thailand country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: Motomura, H., 2004
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Ranges from the Gulf of Thailand and mouth of the Mekong River (Ref. 9685). Reported from Paknam (Samut Prakan), Bangkok, Tha Chin river (Samut Sakhon), Krabi, Lem Sing (Chanthaburi), Mae Klong river (Samut Songkhram), Kantang (Trang), Klong Wan (Prachuap Khiri Khan), Songkhla and Andaman sea (Ref. 37773). One of the most important fisheries species in the country (Ref. 57343). Also Ref. 3408.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Motomura, H., Y. Iwatsuki, S. Kimura and T. Yoshino, 2002
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Barbure à quatre doigts, Barbudo de cuatro dedos, White salmon, ... more

Classification / Names Noms communs | Synonymes | Catalog of Fishes(Genre, Espèce) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Carangaria/misc (Various families in series Carangaria) > Polynemidae (Threadfins)
Etymology: Eleutheronema: Greek, eleutheros = free + Greek, nema = filament (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Shaw.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Écologie

marin; eau douce; saumâtre; amphidrome (Ref. 51243); profondeur 0 - 23 m (Ref. 6390). Tropical; 32°N - 26°S, 47°E - 154°E (Ref. 57343)

Distribution Pays | Zones FAO | Écosystèmes | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Indo-Pacific: Persian/Arabian Gulf, Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka (except the Red Sea and East Africa) to northern Australia and New Guinea. Replaced by Eleutheronema rhadinum (Jordan & Evermann, 1902), in East Asia (Japan, China, Viet Nam) (Ref. 41639).

Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge

Maturity: L_m ?, range 29 - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 3479); common length : 50.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 3479); poids max. publié: 145.0 kg (Ref. 4965)

Description synthétique Clés d'identification | Morphologie | Morphométrie

Épines dorsales (Total) : 9; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total) : 13 - 15; Épines anales: 3; Rayons mous anaux: 14 - 16; Vertèbres: 25. This species is distinguished with the following characters: second dorsal fin soft rays 14 (rarely 13 or 15) pectoral fin rays 16-18 (mode 17, rarely 15 or 19), pectoral filaments 4; pored lateral line scales 71-80 (mode 73); scale rows above lateral line 9-12, below 13-15 (14); vomer with deciduous tooth plates on both sides, except in juveniles (< ca. 7.0 cm SL); posterior part of maxilla deep, 3-4% of SL; short tooth plate extension onto lateral surface of lower jaw, 7-9% SL. Colour of upper sides of head and trunk with slight darkish silver tinge, becoming lighter in lower sides; anterior margins of first and second dorsal fins blackish, remaining parts translucent and slightly blackish, respectively; pectoral fin membranes vivid yellow in life, except in large specimens > ca 35 cm SL which is dusky yellow; pectoral filaments white; anterior margin of pelvic fin yellow and other parts white; base of caudal fin yellowish, other parts blackish (Ref. 41639, 57343).

Adults occur mainly over shallow muddy bottoms in coastal waters. Also enter rivers (Ref. 3479, 6390, 11230). Juveniles found in estuaries. During winter, adults ascend the rivers. They usually form loose schools, although larger fish are more often observed in pairs or singly (Ref. 6390). Feed on prawns and fish (largely members of Mugilidae, Engraulidae, and Sciaenidae) with occasional polychaetes. Frequency of crustaceans to fish in the diet varies seasonally. Larvae (7-30 mm TL) feed mainly on copepods and mysids but also take shrimps and prawn larvae (Ref. 57343). Juveniles (31-60 TL) feed on prawns shrimps and mysids (Ref. 57343). Protandrous hermaphrodites. Marketed fresh, frozen, and dried or salted.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larves

In Australia, fish are males at 24-47 cm FL, hermaphrodites at 25-46 cm FL and females at 28-72 cm FL. On the northeast Queensland coast, most blue threadfin are females by 45-50 cm FL. Hermaphroditic blue threadfin develop fom 1-2-year-old fish, and females first appear as 2-3-year-old individuals (Ref. 28736). Male fish probably commence sex reversal immediately after spawning (ie about April-May) and this condition may persist until after the next spawning period (Ref. 28736). The progression from hermaphrodites to females is complete by the following season. There is little information on the larvae, although nursery areas are known to be lower estuaries, tidal swamps and lagoons, and shallows along the foreshores (Williams 1997).

Référence principale Upload your references | Références | Coordinateur | Collaborateurs

Motomura, H., Y. Iwatsuki, S. Kimura and T. Yoshino, 2002. Revision of the Indo-West Pacific polynemid fish genus Eleutheronema (Teleostei: Perciformes). Ichthyol. Res. 49(1):47-61. (Ref. 41639)

Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Non évalué

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Menace pour l'homme

Harmless

Utilisations par l'homme

Pêcheries: hautement commercial; Aquaculture: commercial

FAO(Aquaculture systems: production; pêcheries: production; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Plus d'informations

Trophic ecology
Éléments du régime alimentaire
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Prédateurs

Ecology
Écologie
Home ranges

Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Fréquences de longueurs
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larves
Dynamique des populations larvaires

Distribution
Pays
Zones FAO
Écosystèmes
Occurrences
Introductions
BRUVS - Videos

Anatomy
Gill areas
Cerveaux
Otolithes

Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Type de nage
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Sons de poissons
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
Génétique
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities

Human related
Aquaculture systems
Profils d'aquaculture
Souches
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

Outreach
Collaborateurs

Taxonomy
Noms communs
Synonymes
Morphologie
Morphométrie
Images

References
Références

Outils

Articles particuliers

Maintenance en aquarium | Articles sur l'espèce | Rapports d'aquaculture

Télécharger en XML

Page de résumé | Coordonnées géographiques | Noms communs | Photos

Sources Internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 25.2 - 29.3, mean 28.6 (based on 2815 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00400 - 0.00951), b=3.06 (2.93 - 3.19), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Niveau trophique (Ref. 69278): 4.1 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.

Résilience (Ref. 120179): Milieu, temps minimum de doublement de population : 1,4 à 4,4 années (Fec=680,000; assuming tm>=2).

Prior r = 0.56, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.84, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Very high vulnerability (91 of 100).

Catégorie de prix (Ref. 80766): High.

Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Shaw, 1804)