Russian Federation country information

Common names: Baltic flounder, Baltiiskaya rechnaya kambala, European flounder
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: common (usually seen) | Ref: Winkler, H.M., K. Skora, R. Repecka, M. Ploks, A. Neelov, L. Urho, A. Gushin and H. Jespersen, 2000
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Known from the Black Sea and Sea of Azov and enters estuaries with low salinity and river mouths (the Kuban); transferred into the Caspian Sea; Baltic Sea, enters the Vistula and reaches the mouths of the Neva and Luga; White Sea and enters the Varzuga, northern Dvian and Mezen rivers; and Murmam Coast of the Bay of Pechora, entering the Tuloma River and rivers of Cheshskaya Bay (Ref. 26334). This has been translocated to areas within the country for stocking in open waters however, it failed to establish self-sustaining populations (Ref. 45022). Also Ref. 4645, 36252. EurRus
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/rs.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Reshetnikov, Y.S., N.G. Bogutskaya, E.D. Vasil'eva, E.A. Dorofeeva, A.M. Naseka, O.A. Popova, K.A. Savvaitova, V.G. Sideleva and L.I. Sokolov, 1997
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Flet d'Europe, Platija europea, Камбала речная, ... more

Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Pleuronectinae
Etymology: Platichthys: Greek, platys = flat + Greek, ichthys = fish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marinhas; Água doce; estuarina demersal; pH range: 7.5 - 8.2; catádromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 1 - 100 m (Ref. 35388). Temperate; 5°C - 25°C (Ref. 13614); 72°N - 30°N, 32°W - 45°E (Ref. 54704)

Distribuição Países | Áreas FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: coastal and brackish waters of western Europe and from the White Sea to the Mediterranean and the Black Sea (Ref. 4705, Ref. 51442). Introduced into the USA and Canada accidentally through transport in ballast water (Ref. 1739). Asia: Iran (Ref. 39702).

Length at first maturity / Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: L_m 22.4, range 14 - 30 cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 35388); common length : 50.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 30578); peso máx. Publicado: 2.9 kg (Ref. 104349); Idade máx. registada: 15 anos (Ref. 3944)

Descrição breve Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria

Espinhos dorsais (total) : 0; Raios dorsais moles (total) : 53 - 62; Espinhos anais: 0; Raios anais moles: 37 - 46. Flatfish, its disc width less than half its length (Ref. 3137). Small mouth (Ref. 3137, Ref. 51442). Eyes mostly (70%) on right side (Ref. 3137, 51442), 79% of dextrally oriented flounder (n = 1076) in Bos, 2000 (Ref. 57574). Rough skin, especially along the lateral line and the basis of the dorsal and anal fin (Ref. 3137). Lateral line straight, slightly rounded over pectorals (Ref. 3137). Green-olive colored (Ref. 51442), the bottom side white (Ref. 3137). Irregular reddish spots on the eye side (Ref. 35388).

Migratory fish, which is most of the year found in estuaries (Ref. 51442). Adults occur on mud and sand bottom in shallow water, at sea and brackish; often entering freshwaters (Ref. 59043). During winter, adults retreat to deeper, warmer waters, where they spawn in spring (Ref. 30193). The growing larvae are moving to the coast (Ref. 51442). Larvae and early juveniles use selective tidal transport to migrate upstream rivers (Ref. 57575) using a range of triggers such as salinity, prey density and water temperature (Ref. 57573, 57574). Juveniles live in shallow coastal waters and estuaries (Ref. 57574), which are also the summer feeding grounds for the adults (Ref. 30193). Juveniles of less than a year old feed on plankton and larvae of insects, juveniles of more than a year and adults feed on benthic fauna (Ref. 51442), including small fishes and invertebrates (Ref. 30193). Nocturnal and burrowing (Ref. 30193). Marketed fresh and frozen; can be steamed, fried, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Worms and mollusks are excellent baits for line fishing (Ref. 30578).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas

Spawns in the water column (Ref. 7471). Produces 400,000 to 2,000,000 eggs for each female (Ref. 51442).

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador : Amaoka, Kunio | Colaboradores

Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)

Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Preocupação menor (LC) ; Date assessed: 04 February 2009

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para o homem

Harmless

Utilização humana

Pescarias: espécies comerciais; Aquacultura: experimental; peixe desportivo: sim

FAO(Aquaculture systems: produção; pescarias: produção, perfil da espécie; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Trophic ecology
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Ecology
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Physiology
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Genetics
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Stamps, coins, misc.

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 7.2 - 14.2, mean 10.2 (based on 862 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00759 (0.00672 - 0.00857), b=3.07 (3.03 - 3.11), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278): 3.3 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.

Resiliência (Ref. 120179): Médio, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (K=0.22-0.3; tm=2-5; tmax=15; Fec= 2 million).

Prior r = 0.56, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.83, Based on 5 full stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).

Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus, 1758)