Portugal country information

Common names: Raia-de-dois-olhos
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist: Portugal
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/po.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel, 1984
National Database: Portuguese Freshwater Fishes

Common names from other countries

Raie fleurie, Raya santiguesa, Butterfly skate, ... more

Classification / Names Noms communs | Synonymes | Catalog of Fishes(Genre, Espèce) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Élasmobranches (requins et raies) (sharks and rays) > Rajiformes (Skates and rays) > Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Leucoraja: Greek, leykos = white + Latin, raja = a fish, Raja sp. (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Müller & Henle.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Écologie

marin démersal; profondeur 12 - 900 m (Ref. 106604), usually 20 - 250 m (Ref. 11284). Subtropical; 63°N - 15°N, 18°W - 36°E

Distribution Pays | Zones FAO | Écosystèmes | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: Kattegat (Ref. 3167) and North Sea, around Great Britain, Ireland and the Mediterranean to Morocco and Senegal.

Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge

Maturity: L_m 57.5, range 45 - 71.8 cm
Max length : 81.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 106604); 68.0 cm TL (female); common length : 40.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 3261)

Description synthétique Clés d'identification | Morphologie | Morphométrie

Épines dorsales (Total) : 0; Épines anales: 0. Snout short; upper surface entirely spinulose, but centre of pectoral fins more or less bare in adults, underside smooth except for prickly front edges; generally 9-13 thorns in a complete row around inner margin of eye, and a large triangle of thorns on nape or shoulder region; two parallel rows of strong thorns on each side of midline along tail; upper surface ochre to light greyish-brown with a large roundish black eye-spot in middle of each pectoral fin, underside white (Ref. 3167)

Feed on all kinds of bottom animals (Ref. 3167). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 5.0-7.0 cm long and 3.1-3.9 cm wide (Ref. 41250). Around 70-150 eggs are laid per individual annually (Ref. 41250).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larves

Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).

Référence principale Upload your references | Références | Coordinateur : McEachran, John | Collaborateurs

McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)

Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Préoccupation mineure (LC) ; Date assessed: 25 November 2014

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Menace pour l'homme

Harmless

Utilisations par l'homme

Pêcheries: commercial; Aquarium: Aquariums publics

FAO(pêcheries: production; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Plus d'informations

Trophic ecology
Éléments du régime alimentaire
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Prédateurs

Ecology
Écologie
Home ranges

Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Fréquences de longueurs
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larves
Dynamique des populations larvaires

Distribution
Pays
Zones FAO
Écosystèmes
Occurrences
Introductions
BRUVS - Videos

Anatomy
Gill areas
Cerveaux
Otolithes

Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Type de nage
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Sons de poissons
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
Génétique
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities

Human related
Aquaculture systems
Profils d'aquaculture
Souches
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

Outreach
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Taxonomy
Noms communs
Synonymes
Morphologie
Morphométrie
Images

References
Références

Outils

Articles particuliers

Maintenance en aquarium | Articles sur l'espèce | Rapports d'aquaculture

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Sources Internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 7.2 - 16.7, mean 10.5 (based on 1278 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00245 (0.00211 - 0.00285), b=3.22 (3.18 - 3.26), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Niveau trophique (Ref. 69278): 4.2 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.

Résilience (Ref. 120179): Faible, temps minimum de doublement de population : 4,5 à 14 années (K=0.11-0.16; tm=8-9; tmax=28; Fec<100).

Prior r = 0.41, 95% CL = 0.27 - 0.61, Based on 1 full stock assessment.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).

Catégorie de prix (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Leucoraja naevus (Müller & Henle, 1841)