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Common names:
Alalo, Alito, Arraro
Occurrence:
introduced
Salinity:
freshwater
Abundance:
common (usually seen)
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Ref:
Importance:
commercial
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Ref:
Aquaculture:
commercial
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Ref:
Regulations:
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Ref:
Uses:
live export: yes;
Comments:
Status to be confirmed. Recorded as introduced (Ref. 6565). May be a native fish due to museum records dating back to 1901 (USNM 00126367) (Ref. 38732). Found in slow streams, ditches, ponds, and lakes, but not in the mountains (Ref. 2854). Reported from Laguna de Bay (Ref. 80864); museum specimens collected in 1984 from the south bay, LRS-84128 (Ref. 13460) and Sta. Maria River, in Laguna; Lake Buhi, Camarines Sur; Lake Naujan, Mindoro (Ref. 13446); San Fernando, La Union; Rosales, La Union; Tacloban, Leyte; Lake Buluan and the rivers of Cotabato (Rio Grande and Fort Pikit) (Ref. 280). A specimen was caught in 1989 with hook and line from Lake Manguao, Palawan (Ref. 13489). Known from Lake Buluan (Ref. 13492) and Lake Lanao (Ref. 13446, 95183). Also recorded from Lake Mainit, Mindanao (Ref. 50320, 13446, 81829), reported from Kalinawan River (Ref. 81829). Considered a tasty but bony food fish (Ref. 6565). Used in the aquarium trade (Ref. 12157). Reported from Manguao Lake in a 2003 study, common in the the littoral zone in vegetation, inflows and rice field ; known for its ability to walk overland to find larger water bodies (Ref. 50862). Reported from Lake Lanao, Lake Taal (Ref. 13446). Collected from CLSU fish pond, Nueva Ecija as specimen for living fish museum (Ref. 81820). Also Ref. 4835, 4833, 7050, 12744, 43638.
National Checklist:
Country Information:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences:
OccurrencesPoint map
Main Ref:
Herre, A.W.C.T., 1953
National Database:
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 16 - 20; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 7 - 10; شوكة شرجية: 9 - 11; أشعه شرجية لينه: 8 - 11. Color in life dark to pale greenish, very pale below, back dusky to olive; head with longitudinal stripes ventrally; posterior margin of opercle with a dark spot; iris golden reddish. Body form variable, affected by age and amount of food consumed. Scaled head with 4-5 rows between eye and rear margin of preoperculum. Scales large and regularly arranged, ciliate.
Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Found mostly in canals, lakes, ponds, swamps and estuaries (Ref. 41236, 57235). Adults occur in medium to large rivers, brooks, flooded fields and stagnant water bodies including sluggish flowing canals (Ref. 12975). Often found in areas with dense vegetation (Ref. 12693). Can tolerate extremely unfavorable water conditions and is associated mainly with turbid, stagnant waters (Ref. 6028). They remain buried under the mud during dry season (Ref. 1479). Feed on macrophytic vegetation, shrimps and fish fry (Ref. 6028). Reported to undertake lateral migration from the Mekong mainstream, or other permanent water bodies, to flooded areas during the flood season and return to the permanent water bodies at the onset of the dry season (Ref. 37770). During the dry season, they stay in pools associated with submerged woods and shrubs (Ref. 37770). Posses an accessory air-breathing organ (Ref. 2847). Able to survive for several days or weeks out of water if the air breathing organs can be kept moist (Ref. 1479). Quite famous for its ability to walk; important food fish in SE Asia, considered as a tasty food fish (Ref. 6565) but not of the finest quality since it is bony (Ref. 2686). Usually sold live in markets where it is kept alive for several days by keeping it moist (Ref. 12693). Economic foodfish in the Southeast Asia (Ref. 57235).
Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran, 1991. Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volume 2. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, i-xxii + 543-1158, 1 pl. (Ref. 4833)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
