Usually found near surface to depths of 140 m (Ref. 26938); in Tahiti from 0-350 m (Ref. 89972). Occurs on or adjacent to continental and insular shelves, frequenting river estuaries, off wharves and jetties in harbors, and in coral atolls and lagoons (Ref. 244). Bottom-associated, sometimes pelagic (Ref. 58302). Also off oceanic islands far from other islands and continental land masses (Ref. 244). Makes excursions in the open ocean, but is not a truly oceanic species (Ref. 244). Nocturnal feeder on other sharks, rays, bony fishes, marine mammals, tortoises, seabirds, sea snakes, squids, gastropods, crustaceans, detritus (Ref. 9997), also including toxic or armored fish species such as Lactoria cornuta or Diodon hystrix, porpoises, whales, sea turtles, cephalopods, domestic animals and humans (Ref. 37816). It also feeds on carrion and garbage, including cans, pieces of metal and burlap bags (Ref. 26938). Second only to Carcharodon carcharias in recorded attacks on humans with at least 27 documented attacks sourced to it . One specimen, reportedly taken off Indo-China, weighed 3,110 kg and measured 740 cm (Ref. 9987). May be kept in an aquaria, but does not last for more than a few months (Ref. 244). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Up to 80 young of 51 to 104 cm are born per litter (Ref. 1602). Valued for its meat, fins, hide and liver oil (Ref. 9997) and also for its jaws and cartilage (Ref. 58048). Often used for fishmeal (Ref. 9997). Utilized fresh, dried-salted, smoked and frozen (Ref. 9987). Species from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea has a max size of 750 cm TL (Ref. 47613).
通常發現於表面到深度 140 公尺附近。 (參考文獻 26938) 生活於或者鄰近大陸棚與島嶼棚,在港灣中常出現於河口，外海的碼頭與突堤, 與在珊瑚環礁與潟湖中.(參考文獻 244) 底部-聯合, 有時大洋性的.(參考文獻 58302) 大洋性島嶼外也遠離其他的島與大陸板塊。 (參考文獻 244) 在開放性海域中短距離巡游, 但是不是一個真正的大洋性魚種.(參考文獻 244) 夜行的捕食其他的鯊魚，魟，硬骨魚類，海洋哺乳動物，龜，海鳥，海蛇，烏賊，腹足動物，甲殼動物，碎屑 (參考文獻 9997), 也包括有毒或武裝的魚種例如 角箱魨〔Lactoria cornuta〕 或 密斑二齒魨〔Diodon hystrix〕 ，鼠海豚，鯨，海龜，頭足類動物，家畜與人類.(參考文獻 37816) 它也吃腐肉與垃圾,包括能, 金屬片與麻布袋.(參考文獻 26938) 僅次於在對人類的攻擊記錄中的 食人鮫〔Carcharodon carcharias〕 以至少， 27個攻擊記錄文件對它來源。 一件標本，據報告採自印度支那外，秤重. 3,110 公斤而且有 740 公分長。 (參考文獻 9987) 可能是保存於一個水族館, 但是不會持續超過個月.(參考文獻 244) 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449) 高達 80個幼魚 51 對 104 cm 出生每胎.(參考文獻 1602) 重要的是它的肉 , 鰭, 隱藏與肝油.(參考文獻 9997) 時常製成魚漿.(參考文獻 9997) 生鮮使用 , 乾燥鹽醃, 煙燻.與冷凍的.(參考文獻 9987) 種從波斯灣與阿曼海洋有一個最大體長 750 公分TL 。 (參考文獻 47613)
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 15.8 - 28.9, mean 26.4 (based on 6872 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00283 - 0.01852), b=3.09 (2.87 - 3.31), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (tm=4-11; tmax=50; K=0.18-0.6; Fec=10).
Prior r = 0.27, 95% CL = 0.18 - 0.41, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (64 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (57 of 100).
