Netherlands country information

Common names: Tongschar
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: fairly common (chances are about 50%) | Ref: Nijssen, H. and S.J. de Groot, 1974
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/nl.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Muus, B. and P. Dahlström, 1978
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Limande sole, Mendo limón, Lemon dab, ... more

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Microstominae
Etymology: Microstomus: Greek, mikros = small + Greek, stoma = mouth (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Walbaum.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; demersal; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 10 - 200 m, usually 10 - 150 m (Ref. 35388). Temperate; 72°N - 43°N, 26°W - 45°E (Ref. 54592)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Northeast Atlantic: Bay of Biscay to the White Sea and off Iceland.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m 29.3, range 20 - 30 cm
Max length : 65.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9988); max. published weight: 3.0 kg (Ref. 6112); max. reported age: 23 years (Ref. 6112)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Small head and mouth. Body is oval. Skin is marbled and smooth. Lateral line almost straight, slight curve above the pectoral fin (Ref. 35388).

Lives most often on stony bottoms. Feeds on a variety of small invertebrates, but polychaetes seem to dominate. Apparently they do not feed in wintertime (Ref. 9900). Marketed fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Spawning is mainly confined to depths of 55-91 m in the northwestern North Sea and commences at a minimum temperature of 6.5 °C in Scottish waters. Sex ratio is about 1:1, but females progressively predominate upon sexual maturity.

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Amaoka, Kunio | Collaborators

Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 02 March 2021

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; aquarium: public aquariums

FAO(Fisheries: production, species profile; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

More information

Trophic ecology
Food items
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
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Ecology
Ecology
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Population dynamics
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Length-weight rel.
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Life cycle
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Egg(s)
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Distribution
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BRUVS - Videos

Anatomy
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Otoliths

Physiology
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Nutrients
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Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
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Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
Genetics
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Human related
Aquaculture systems
Aquaculture profiles
Strains
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

Outreach
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References
References

Tools

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

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Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos

Internet sources

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 7.1 - 12.5, mean 9.9 (based on 1310 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00759 (0.00603 - 0.00954), b=3.09 (3.02 - 3.16), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.2 ±0.33 se; based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.08-0.42; tm=3-6; tmax=23).

Prior r = 0.71, 95% CL = 0.47 - 1.07, Based on 1 full stock assessment.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Microstomus kitt (Walbaum, 1792)