Nepal country information

Common names: Brown trout, Rainbow trout
Occurrence: introduced
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: experimental | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Introduced in a fish farm on the Godawari river on an experimental basis but without any success. Presence of silt, poor stocking, lack of follow up and lack of organized experimental programme are probable causes of this failure.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/np.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Shrestha, J., 1994
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Truite arc-en-ciel, Trucha arco iris, Микижа, ... more

Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Salmoniformes (Salmons) > Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Salmoninae
Etymology: Oncorhynchus: Greek, onyx, -ychos = nail + Greek, rhyngchos = snout (Ref. 45335); mykiss: Oncorhynchus=hooked snout; mykiss=a vernacular name for the species in Kamchatka, Russia (Ref. 79012).
More on author: Walbaum.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie

seewasser; süßwasser; brackwasser benthopelagisch; anadrom (Ref. 51243); tiefenbereich 0 - 200 m (Ref. 50550). Subtropical; 10°C - 24°C (Ref. 12741); 67°N - 32°N, 135°E - 117°W

Verbreitung Länder | FAO Gebiete | Ecosystems | Vorkommen | Point map | Einführungen | Faunafri

Pacific Slope from Kuskokwim River drainage in Alaska to Otay River drainage in California, USA. Widely introduced and established in Canada and USA, including Arctic, Atlantic, Great Lakes, Mississippi River, and Rio Grande basins, and elsewhere in the world (Ref. 86798). Eastern Pacific: Kamchatkan Peninsula and have been recorded from the Commander Islands east of Kamchatka and sporadically in the Sea of Okhotsk as far south as the mouth of the Amur River along the mainland. The records outside Kamchatka probably represent migrating or straying Kamchatkan steelhead (penshinensis) rather than the established native population (Reg. 50080). Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.

Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 122 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 96339); common length : 60.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 5504); max. veröff. Gewicht: 25.4 kg (Ref. 7251); max. veröff. Alter: 11 Jahre (Ref. 12193)

Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 14 - 16; Afterflossenstacheln: 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 6 - 12; Wirbelzahl: 60 - 66. Diagnosis: Body elongate, somewhat compressed especially in larger fish. No nuptial tubercles but minor changes to head, mouth and color occur especially in spawning males. Colouration varies with habitat, size, and sexual condition; stream residents and spawners darker, colours more intense; lake residents lighter, brighter, and more silvery. Caudal fin with 19 rays (Ref. 2196). Differs from Oncorhynchus gorbuscha by having the following unique characters: anal fin with 6-9½ (usually 8½ ) branched rays; 115-130 scales in midlateral row; 16-17 gill rakers; breeding males lacking hump; juveniles lacking parr marks; wide pink to red stripe from head to caudal base, except in sea-run form; and juveniles with 5-10 parr marks (Ref. 59043).

Inhabit clear, cold headwaters, creeks, small to large rivers, lakes, and intertidal areas (Ref. 86798). Anadromous in coastal streams (Ref. 5723). Stocked in almost all water bodies as lakes, rivers and streams, usually not stocked in water reaching summer temperatures above 25°C or ponds with very low oxygen concentrations. Feed on a variety of aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates and small fishes. At the sea, they prey on fish and cephalopods. Mature individuals undertake short spawning migrations. Anadromous and lake forms may migrate long distances to spawning streams (Ref. 59043). Utilized fresh, smoked, canned, and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Cultured in many countries and is often hatched and stocked into rivers and lakes especially to attract recreational fishers (Ref. 9988).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Fortpflanzung | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Reported not to establish breeding populations if the peak emergence of fry corresponds to flood season and cold summer temperatures and if temperature does not fall below 13° C (Ref. 59043). Males mature generally at 2 years and females at 3. Spawning happens from November until May in the Northern hemisphere and from August to November on the Southern hemisphere. The size of the eggs depends on the size of the female. In captivity spawning is fostered by abdominal massage. Egg size 3-6 mm, fry length after hatching 12-20 mm. Hatchlings are well developed and equipped with a large yolk sac. The female finds a spot and digs a pit. While digging, an attendant male courts her or is busy driving away other males. As soon as the pit is completed, the female drops into it and is immediately followed by the male. The pair is side by side, they open their mouth, quiver and release egg and sperm. Females produce from 700 to 4,000 eggs per spawning event (Ref. 4706). At this point, a subordinate male moves in and releases sperm into the nest. The female quickly moves to the upstream edge of the nest and starts digging a new pit, covering the eggs. The whole process is repeated for several days until the female deposits all her eggs (Ref. 27547). Young fish move downstream at night, shortly after emergence (Ref. 4706). Reproductive strategy: synchronous ovarian organization, determinate fecundity (Ref. 51846).

Hauptreferenz Upload your references | Referenzen | Koordinator | Partner

Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)

Nicht untersucht

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

Potential pest

Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: hoch kommerziell; Aquakultur: kommerziell; Sportfisch: ja

FAO(Aquaculture systems: production, Artbeschreibung; Fischereien: production; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 1.3 - 10, mean 5.4 (based on 315 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00730 - 0.01193), b=3.03 (2.98 - 3.08), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.1 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.

Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179): mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (K=0.38-0.46; tm=2-5; tmax=11; Fec=200).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).

Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766): Low.

Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)