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Menticirrhus littoralis (Holbrook, 1847)

Gulf kingcroaker
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Menticirrhus littoralis   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Menticirrhus littoralis (Gulf kingcroaker)
Menticirrhus littoralis
Picture by NOAA\NMFS\Mississippi Laboratory


Mexico country information

Common names: Berrugata, Berrugato del Golfo, Gurrubata
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: minor commercial | Ref: Anonymous, 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: no regulations | Ref: Anonymous, 1994
Uses: no uses
Comments: Recorded from Celestún Biosphere Reserve, Yucatan (Ref. 74908). Year round fishing; marketed fresh (whole) or salted (Ref. 26550).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/mx.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Chao, L.N., 1978
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Menticirrhus: Latin, mentum = beard, chin + Latin, cirrus = curly.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; brackish; demersal; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 10 - ? m.   Subtropical; 38°N - 33°S

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: Virginia, USA and the continental coast of the Gulf of Mexico to Rio Grande del Sur, Brazil.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm 23.0, range 20 - ? cm
Max length : 48.3 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 40637); common length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3702); max. published weight: 1.4 kg (Ref. 40637)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Grayish brown above, shading to silvery below, no prominent bars. Lower jaw has single, stout, peg-like barbel with pore at tip. Scales on belly smaller than those on side (Ref. 26938).

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Occurs usually in coastal waters over sandy and muddy bottoms; juveniles are abundant in the surf zone. Sometimes enters estuaries. Feeds mainly on worms and crustaceans. Excellent food fish (Ref. 26938).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 January 2020

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless




Human uses

Fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes
FAO(Fisheries: production; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Trophic ecology
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Length-length rel.
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 22.5 - 27.7, mean 24.9 (based on 288 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5020   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00499 - 0.01264), b=3.05 (2.92 - 3.18), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.9   ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref. 120179):  Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Assuming tm <4).
Prior r = 0.53, 95% CL = 0.35 - 0.80, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High vulnerability (56 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Low.