Common names from other countries
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino; salmastro. Tropical; 35°N - 20°S
Eastern Pacific: Mexico to Ecuador. Also reported from Paita, Peru (Ref. 5530).
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 28.2 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 124487); common length : 20.0 cm FL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 9283); peso massimo pubblicato: 145.24 g (Ref. 124487)
Short description
Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria
Body strongly compressed and elongate (depth from 4.5 to 5.4 times in standard length); posterior end of upper jaw reaching middle of eye; upper jaw teeth small and villiform; lower branch of first gill arch with 19 to 22 gill rakers; scales small but visible, needle-shaped, embedded in the skin; back dark gray; belly and flanks silvery or blue gray with yellow highlights; dorsal and anal fins charcoal colored; pelvic fins white; pectoral and caudal fins yellow (Ref. 55763).
Adults are found in littoral waters (Ref. 9283). They tolerate low salinities and may temporarily penetrate estuarine waters (Ref. 9283). The dorsal and anal spines are connected to venomous glands that can cause painful wounds (Ref. 9283). Marketed fresh and salted or dried (Ref. 9283).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecundity | Larve
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1995. Carangidae. Jureles, pámpanos, cojinúas, zapateros, cocineros, casabes, macarelas, chicharros, jorobados, medregales, pez pilota. p. 940-986. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9283)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
CITES (Ref. 131153)
Not Evaluated
Human uses
Pesca: scarso interesse commerciale
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 20.4 - 29, mean 25.9 (based on 288 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00708 (0.00435 - 0.01153), b=2.93 (2.79 - 3.07), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.73 se; based on food items.
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Alto, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione meno di 15 mesi (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (18 of 100).