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Epinephelus akaara (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)
Hong Kong grouper
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Epinephelus akaara AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Epinephelus akaara
Picture by Randall, J.E.
Pictures | Stamps, coins, misc. | Изображение на Google
Picture by Randall, J.E.
Hong Kong country information
Common names:
Hong Kong grouper, Red grouper, 紅斑
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: fairly common (chances are about 50%) | Ref: Wilson, K.D.P., 2003
Importance: commercial | Ref: Wong, C., 1982
Aquaculture: commercial | Ref: FAO Fishery Information, Data and Statistics Service, 1993
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: live export: yes;
Comments: Reported from Lobster Bay, Cape D'Aguilar (Ref. 33067). Also reported from Hoi Ha Wan and Tung Ping Chau (Ref. 94637). Only a single individual was observed from a rocky reeef in Shek Ngau Chau (Ref. 128523). The species was observed on 11 to 100 occasions during 400 dive surveys on artificial reefs (Ref. 119494). One of the most popular species cultured in Hong Kong (Ref. 12092). Museum: ANSP 162154; BMNH 1939.3.23.22; BPBM 18656; NMW 39864-65. Also Ref. 2852, 4787, 5222, 12087, 125586, 129329.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/hk.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Ni, I.-H. and K.-Y. Kwok, 1999
National Database:
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: fairly common (chances are about 50%) | Ref: Wilson, K.D.P., 2003
Importance: commercial | Ref: Wong, C., 1982
Aquaculture: commercial | Ref: FAO Fishery Information, Data and Statistics Service, 1993
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: live export: yes;
Comments: Reported from Lobster Bay, Cape D'Aguilar (Ref. 33067). Also reported from Hoi Ha Wan and Tung Ping Chau (Ref. 94637). Only a single individual was observed from a rocky reeef in Shek Ngau Chau (Ref. 128523). The species was observed on 11 to 100 occasions during 400 dive surveys on artificial reefs (Ref. 119494). One of the most popular species cultured in Hong Kong (Ref. 12092). Museum: ANSP 162154; BMNH 1939.3.23.22; BPBM 18656; NMW 39864-65. Also Ref. 2852, 4787, 5222, 12087, 125586, 129329.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/hk.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Ni, I.-H. and K.-Y. Kwok, 1999
National Database:
Common names from other countries
Классификация / Names народные названия | синонимы | Catalog of Fishes(род, виды) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel.
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range экология
морской ассоциированный с рифами; пределы глубины 1 - 55 m (Ref. 89707). Tropical; 39°N - 20°N, 109°E - 143°E (Ref. 5222)
распространение страны | регионы FAO | Ecosystems | места находок | Point map | интродукции | Faunafri
Northwest Pacific: southern China, Taiwan, East China Sea, Korea, and southern Japan (Kyushu to about 38°N on both coasts of Honshu). Reported specimen from Viet Nam may be Epinephelus fasciatomaculosus and records from the Philippines and India are unsubstantiated.
Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст
Maturity: Lm ?, range 23 - ? cm
Max length : 58.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 89707); common length : 30.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 2852); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 2.5 kg (Ref. 40637)
Max length : 58.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 89707); common length : 30.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 2852); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 2.5 kg (Ref. 40637)
Краткое описание определительные ключи | морфология | морфометрия
колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 11; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 15 - 17; колючие лучи анального плавника: 3; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: head and body pale brownish grey, covered with small red, orange or gold spots except on ventral side; 6 faint oblique dark bars on body; dark brown blotch on body at base of the 3 dorsal fin spines; dorsal fin margin yellow or orange; row of dusky yellow or orange spots along middle of the spinous dorsal fin and another row along the base of the fin; faint red or orange spots at caudal and anal fins; body depth less than head length, 2.7-3.2 times in SL; head length 2.3-2.6 times in SL; preopercle with enlarged serrae at angle; upper edge of operculum straight; subequal posterior and anterior nostril; maxilla reaching about to vertical at rear edge of eye; two rows of teeth at midside of lower jaw; pelvic fins not reaching anus; caudal fin rounded; lateral body scales ctenoid, with auxiliary in adults (Ref. 089707).
Rock-reef species inhabiting depths to at least 55 m. Juveniles are often found shallower than 10 m (Ref. 089707). A highly prized food fish usually caught by hand-lining over rock strata. Found in Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253).
Life cycle and mating behavior половая зрелость | размножение | нерест | икра | Fecundity | личинки
Основная ссылка
Upload your references | ссылки | координатор | соавторы
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Под угрозой исчезновения (EN) (A2d); Date assessed: 20 November 2016
Угроза для людей
Harmless
Использование человеком
рыболовство: не имеет хозяйственного значения; аквакультура (рыбоводство): коммерческий; объект спортивного рыболовства: да
FAO(Aquaculture systems: production; ; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us
дополнительная информация
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Размерный состав
Mass conversion
пополнение
численность
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Размерный состав
Mass conversion
пополнение
численность
Life cycle
размножение
половая зрелость
Fecundity
нерест
Spawning aggregations
икра
Развитие икры
личинки
динамика численности личинок
размножение
половая зрелость
Fecundity
нерест
Spawning aggregations
икра
Развитие икры
личинки
динамика численности личинок
Anatomy
жаберная область
Brain
Otolith
жаберная область
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
генетика
Heterozygosity
наследуемость
генетика
Heterozygosity
наследуемость
Human related
Aquaculture systems
особенности рыбоводства
степень растяжения
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
особенности рыбоводства
степень растяжения
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
инструменты
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 16 - 25.5, mean 20.6 (based on 178 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01445 (0.00745 - 0.02806), b=3.06 (2.90 - 3.22), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.65 se; based on food items.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref. 120179): средний (среднего размера), минимальное время удвоения популяции 1.4-4.4 года (Assuming tm=2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).