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Epinephelus akaara (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)
Hong Kong grouper
個人による観察記録の追加 Fish Watcher
| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Epinephelus akaara AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
Upload your 写真 and ビデオ
Pictures | Stamps, coins, misc. | グーグルの画像
Epinephelus akaara
Picture by Randall, J.E.
Pictures | Stamps, coins, misc. | グーグルの画像
Picture by Randall, J.E.
Hong Kong country information
Common names:
Hong Kong grouper, Red grouper, 紅斑
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: fairly common (chances are about 50%) | Ref: Wilson, K.D.P., 2003
Importance: commercial | Ref: Wong, C., 1982
Aquaculture: commercial | Ref: FAO Fishery Information, Data and Statistics Service, 1993
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: live export: yes;
Comments: Reported from Lobster Bay, Cape D'Aguilar (Ref. 33067). Also reported from Hoi Ha Wan and Tung Ping Chau (Ref. 94637). Only a single individual was observed from a rocky reeef in Shek Ngau Chau (Ref. 128523). The species was observed on 11 to 100 occasions during 400 dive surveys on artificial reefs (Ref. 119494). One of the most popular species cultured in Hong Kong (Ref. 12092). Museum: ANSP 162154; BMNH 1939.3.23.22; BPBM 18656; NMW 39864-65. Also Ref. 2852, 4787, 5222, 12087, 125586, 129329.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/hk.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Ni, I.-H. and K.-Y. Kwok, 1999
National Database:
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: fairly common (chances are about 50%) | Ref: Wilson, K.D.P., 2003
Importance: commercial | Ref: Wong, C., 1982
Aquaculture: commercial | Ref: FAO Fishery Information, Data and Statistics Service, 1993
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: live export: yes;
Comments: Reported from Lobster Bay, Cape D'Aguilar (Ref. 33067). Also reported from Hoi Ha Wan and Tung Ping Chau (Ref. 94637). Only a single individual was observed from a rocky reeef in Shek Ngau Chau (Ref. 128523). The species was observed on 11 to 100 occasions during 400 dive surveys on artificial reefs (Ref. 119494). One of the most popular species cultured in Hong Kong (Ref. 12092). Museum: ANSP 162154; BMNH 1939.3.23.22; BPBM 18656; NMW 39864-65. Also Ref. 2852, 4787, 5222, 12087, 125586, 129329.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/hk.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Ni, I.-H. and K.-Y. Kwok, 1999
National Database:
Common names from other countries
分類 / Names 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel.
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態学
分布 国々 | 国連食糧農業機関の区域 | エコシステム | 事件 | Point map | 導入 | Faunafri
Northwest Pacific: southern China, Taiwan, East China Sea, Korea, and southern Japan (Kyushu to about 38°N on both coasts of Honshu). Reported specimen from Viet Nam may be Epinephelus fasciatomaculosus and records from the Philippines and India are unsubstantiated.
Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
Maturity: Lm ?, range 23 - ? cm
Max length : 58.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 89707); common length : 30.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 2852); 最大公表体重: 2.5 kg (Ref. 40637)
Max length : 58.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 89707); common length : 30.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 2852); 最大公表体重: 2.5 kg (Ref. 40637)
簡単な記述 検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学
背面の脊椎 (合計) : 11; 背鰭 (合計) : 15 - 17; 肛門の骨: 3; 臀鰭: 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: head and body pale brownish grey, covered with small red, orange or gold spots except on ventral side; 6 faint oblique dark bars on body; dark brown blotch on body at base of the 3 dorsal fin spines; dorsal fin margin yellow or orange; row of dusky yellow or orange spots along middle of the spinous dorsal fin and another row along the base of the fin; faint red or orange spots at caudal and anal fins; body depth less than head length, 2.7-3.2 times in SL; head length 2.3-2.6 times in SL; preopercle with enlarged serrae at angle; upper edge of operculum straight; subequal posterior and anterior nostril; maxilla reaching about to vertical at rear edge of eye; two rows of teeth at midside of lower jaw; pelvic fins not reaching anus; caudal fin rounded; lateral body scales ctenoid, with auxiliary in adults (Ref. 089707).
Rock-reef species inhabiting depths to at least 55 m. Juveniles are often found shallower than 10 m (Ref. 089707). A highly prized food fish usually caught by hand-lining over rock strata. Found in Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253).
Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
主な参考文献
Upload your references | 参考文献 | コーディネーター | 協力者
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
人間に対する脅威
Harmless
Human uses
水産業: 少数商業の; 水産養殖: 商業; ゲームフィッシュ: はい
FAO(Aquaculture systems: 代謝; ; publication : search) | FishSource | 私達の周りの海
より多くの情報
Population dynamics
成長のパラメーター
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
体長組成
Mass conversion
補充
豊度
成長のパラメーター
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
体長組成
Mass conversion
補充
豊度
Anatomy
カマ
Brain
Otolith
カマ
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
酸素消費
水泳形態
泳ぐ速さ
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
酸素消費
水泳形態
泳ぐ速さ
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
遺伝子の
Heterozygosity
遺伝
遺伝子の
Heterozygosity
遺伝
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 16 - 25.5, mean 20.6 (based on 178 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01445 (0.00745 - 0.02806), b=3.06 (2.90 - 3.22), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
栄養段階 (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.65 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref. 120179): 手段, １．４年～４．４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (Assuming tm=2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).