Epinephelus akaara, Hong Kong grouper : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish

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相關魚種
- 魚種在
  Epinephelus
- 魚種在
  Epinephelidae
- - 分類 -
- Epinephelidae
- Perciformes/Serranoidei
- Teleostei
- Chordata
- Animalia

Epinephelus akaara (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)

Hong Kong grouper

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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050

This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.

Epinephelus akaara AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS

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Image of Epinephelus akaara (Hong Kong grouper)

Epinephelus akaara
Picture by Randall, J.E.

Hong Kong country information

Common names: Hong Kong grouper, Red grouper, 紅斑
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: fairly common (chances are about 50%) | Ref: Wilson, K.D.P., 2003
Importance: commercial | Ref: Wong, C., 1982
Aquaculture: commercial | Ref: FAO Fishery Information, Data and Statistics Service, 1993
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: live export: yes;
Comments: Reported from Lobster Bay, Cape D'Aguilar (Ref. 33067). Also reported from Hoi Ha Wan and Tung Ping Chau (Ref. 94637). Only a single individual was observed from a rocky reeef in Shek Ngau Chau (Ref. 128523). The species was observed on 11 to 100 occasions during 400 dive surveys on artificial reefs (Ref. 119494). One of the most popular species cultured in Hong Kong (Ref. 12092). Museum: ANSP 162154; BMNH 1939.3.23.22; BPBM 18656; NMW 39864-65. Also Ref. 2852, 4787, 5222, 12087, 125586, 129329.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/hk.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Ni, I.-H. and K.-Y. Kwok, 1999
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Mérou rouge tacheté, Mero de pintas rojas, 赤点石斑鱼, ... more

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

海洋礁區魚類; 深度上下限 1 - 55 m (Ref. 89707). 熱帶; 39°N - 20°N, 109°E - 143°E (Ref. 5222)

分布國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Northwest Pacific: southern China, Taiwan, East China Sea, Korea, and southern Japan (Kyushu to about 38°N on both coasts of Honshu). Reported specimen from Viet Nam may be Epinephelus fasciatomaculosus and records from the Philippines and India are unsubstantiated.
西北太平洋: 中國南部，台灣，東中國海，韓國與日本南部.(九州在本州兩岸上到大約 38 ° N) 來自越南的報告的標本可能是 擬青石斑魚〔Epinephelus fasciatomaculosus〕 而且來自的紀錄菲律賓與印度是未證實的。

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: L_m ?, range 23 - ? cm
Max length : 58.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 89707); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2852); 最大體重: 2.5 kg (Ref. 40637)

簡短描述檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 15 - 17; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: head and body pale brownish grey, covered with small red, orange or gold spots except on ventral side; 6 faint oblique dark bars on body; dark brown blotch on body at base of the 3 dorsal fin spines; dorsal fin margin yellow or orange; row of dusky yellow or orange spots along middle of the spinous dorsal fin and another row along the base of the fin; faint red or orange spots at caudal and anal fins; body depth less than head length, 2.7-3.2 times in SL; head length 2.3-2.6 times in SL; preopercle with enlarged serrae at angle; upper edge of operculum straight; subequal posterior and anterior nostril; maxilla reaching about to vertical at rear edge of eye; two rows of teeth at midside of lower jaw; pelvic fins not reaching anus; caudal fin rounded; lateral body scales ctenoid, with auxiliary in adults (Ref. 089707).

Rock-reef species inhabiting depths to at least 55 m. Juveniles are often found shallower than 10 m (Ref. 089707). A highly prized food fish usually caught by hand-lining over rock strata. Found in Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253).

通常被用手捕捉的一個高度地珍視的食用魚-在岩石層上的襯裡。發現於了香港活魚販售。 (參考文獻 27253)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚

西北太平洋: 中國南部，台灣，東中國海，韓國與日本南部.(九州在本州兩岸上到大約 38 ° N) 來自越南的報告的標本可能是 擬青石斑魚〔Epinephelus fasciatomaculosus〕 而且來自的紀錄菲律賓與印度是未證實的。

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

瀕危 (EN) (A2d); Date assessed: 20 November 2016

CITES (Ref. 131153)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

無害處的

人類使用

漁業: 低經濟; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的

FAO(Aquaculture systems: 產生; ; publication : search) | FishSource | 周邊海洋

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 16 - 25.5, mean 20.6 (based on 178 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01445 (0.00745 - 0.02806), b=3.06 (2.90 - 3.22), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

營養階層 (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.65 se; based on food items.

回復力 (Ref. 120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Assuming tm=2).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).

價格種類 (Ref. 80766): Very high.

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