Greenland country information

Common names: Nataarnaq
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Common along the west coast both in the fjords and at the fishing grounds. Occasionally as far north as Upernavik. Less common in the waters around Southeast Greenland (Ref. 9926). Also Ref. 9925.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/gl.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Flétan de l'Atlantique, Fletán del Atlántico, 大西洋庸鲽, ... more

Classification / Names Nomi Comuni | Sinonimi | Catalog of Fishes(Genere, Specie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Hippoglossinae
Etymology: Hippoglossus: Greek, ippos = horse + Greek, glossa = tongue (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marino demersale; oceanodromo (Ref. 51243); distribuzione batimetrica 50 - 2000 m (Ref. 4705). Temperate; 79°N - 36°N, 77°W - 55°E

Distribuzione Stati | Aree FAO | Ecosystems | Presenze | Point map | Introduzioni | Faunafri

Northwestern Atlantic: southwestern Greenland and Labrador in Canada to Virginia in USA (Ref. 7251); Northeastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay to Spitsbergen, Barents Sea, Iceland and eastern Greenland.

Length at first maturity / Size / Peso / Age

Maturity: L_m 122.0, range 135 - ? cm
Max length : 470 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 7251); 300.0 cm TL (female); peso massimo pubblicato: 320.0 kg (Ref. 7251); Età massima riportata: 50 anni (Ref. 173)

Short description Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria

Spine dorsali (totale) : 0; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 98 - 110; Spine anali: 0; Raggi anali molli: 73 - 85. Uniformly dark brown or black; young marbled or spotted with paler marks (Ref. 4705).

Adults are benthic but occasionally pelagic (Ref. 4705). Feed mainly on other fishes (cod, haddock, pogge, sand-eels, herring, capelin), but also takes cephalopods, large crustaceans and other bottom-living animals. Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Growth rate varies according to density, competition and availability of food. Slow growth rate and late onset of sexual maturity, halibut populations can be seriously affected by overfishing (Ref. 35388). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked and frozen; can be steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Also Ref. 58426.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve

Males reach sexual maturity at 7-8 years and females at 10-11 years. Spawning happens from December to April, near the bottom (300 to 700 m), at temperatures between 5 and 7°. Egg size 3.0-3.8, larval size at hatching 6.5 mm (Ref. 4705).

Main reference Upload your references | Bibliografia | Coordinatore : Amaoka, Kunio | Collaboratori

Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Near Threatened (NT) ; Date assessed: 12 February 2021

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Pesca: commerciale; Acquacoltura: sperimentale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si; Acquario: Acquari pubblici

FAO(Aquaculture systems: production; pesca: production; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Fonti Internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 0.4 - 7.9, mean 3.4 (based on 1760 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00550 (0.00398 - 0.00759), b=3.17 (3.08 - 3.26), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.

Resilienza (Ref. 120179): Molto basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione più di 14 anni (tmax=30; tm=10; K=0.02-0.2; Fec=1,300,000; also Musick et al. 2000 (Ref. 36717)).

Prior r = 0.27, 95% CL = 0.18 - 0.40, Based on 1 full stock assessment.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (88 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Linnaeus, 1758)