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Coregonus lavaretus (Linnaeus, 1758)

European whitefish
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Coregonus lavaretus
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France country information

Common names: Corégone, Corégone lavaret, Féra
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Known from Lakes Léman & Bourget. In "AnnexeV de la Directive Habitats-faune-flore" and in "Annexe III de la Convention de Berne". Its biotope can be protected by the "arrêté de biotope du 8-12-1988" (Ref. 40476). Apparently introduced to Lake Aiguebelette. Status (Ref. 59043). Original population extirpated in Lake Geneva but as offspring of Lake Bourget population are hatched and reared in Thonon (on the shores of Lake Geneva) escapes should be expected (Ref. 59043).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Keith, P. and J. Allardi (coords.), 2001
National Database:

Common names from other countries

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Salmoniformes (Salmons) 鮭形目 (Salmons) > Salmonidae (Salmonids) 鮭科 (Salmonids) > Coregoninae
Etymology: Coregonus: Greek, kore = pupils of the eye + Greek, gonia = angle (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 20 - ?; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243).   溫帶; 4°C - 16°C (Ref. 2059); 78°N - 41°N, 6°W - 85°E

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Europe: Native to Lake Bourget (France) and Geneva (Switzerland, France). Population of Lake Aiguebelette (France) apparently introduced, but a 'lavaret' had already been recorded from there in the 17th century (Ref. 59043). Other authors assume it to be a superspecies occurring in Great Britain and Alpine areas of Central Europe. Has been stocked into many other places in Europe outside its native range. There are many parallel and wrong scientific names for this species in use because of the problems in classifying the genus Coregonus (Ref. 7495). Asia: introduced to Iran (Ref. 39702).
歐洲: 名稱的用法在來自這區域的新模式的指定的河羅恩河流域侷限於湖 Geneve(現在滅絕的) , Bourget 與 Aiguebelette了。 (參考文獻 13696) 其他的作家呈現是被出現在英國與中歐洲的高山區域的 superspecies 的它。 曾經進入在歐洲的許多其他的地方之內在它的原產地的外邊進貨。 在使用中對於這個魚種有許多平行與錯誤的科學名稱由於在分類本屬 Coregonus 方面的問題.(參考文獻 7495) 伯恩公約的附錄 3(受保育的動物群). 亞洲: 引進了伊朗。 (參考文獻 39702)

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm 27.1, range 40 - ? cm
Max length : 73.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); 最大體重: 10.0 kg (Ref. 35388)

簡短描述 檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

背棘 (總數) : 3 - 5; 背的軟條 (總數) : 9 - 12; 臀棘: 3 - 5; 臀鰭軟條: 10 - 13. Mouth small with protruding upper jaw. Silvery body (Ref. 35388). Caudal fin with 19 soft rays (Ref. 40476).
嘴小且有凸出上頜。 銀色的身體.(參考文獻 35388) 尾鰭有 19個軟鰭條。 (參考文獻 40476)

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Gregarious lacustrine forms (Ref. 2163) and anadromous estuarine forms, rarely in full saltwater. Feeds on planktonic crustaceans, or larger benthic crustaceans in brackish water. Movement in water column as a function of zooplankton repartition (Ref. 2163). Spawns in gravel, near shore, in shallow water, in December (Ref. 59043). Likely to benefit from environmental regulations in France passed on 8/12/88 (Ref. 2163).

群居的湖泊型式 (參考文獻 2163) 與溯河洄游產卵河口型式, 極少在充滿的鹽水。 吃浮游性甲殼動物 , 否則在半淡鹹水的比較大的底棲甲殼動物。 在水團的運動作為一個浮游動物分配的功能。 或許在法國受益於環境規章通過 8/12/88之上.(參考文獻 2163)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚

Spawning takes place at night. 歐洲: 名稱的用法在來自這區域的新模式的指定的河羅恩河流域侷限於湖 Geneve(現在滅絕的) , Bourget 與 Aiguebelette了。 (參考文獻 13696) 其他的作家呈現是被出現在英國與中歐洲的高山區域的 superspecies 的它。 曾經進入在歐洲的許多其他的地方之內在它的原產地的外邊進貨。 在使用中對於這個魚種有許多平行與錯誤的科學名稱由於在分類本屬 Coregonus 方面的問題.(參考文獻 7495) 伯恩公約的附錄 3(受保育的動物群). 亞洲: 引進了伊朗。 (參考文獻 39702)

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者

Wheeler, A., 1992. A list of the common and scientific names of fishes of the British Isles. J. Fish Biol. 41(suppl.A):1-37. (Ref. 5204)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

  次級保育類動物, 見 IUCN 紅皮書 (VU) (D2); Date assessed: 01 January 2008

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  無害處的




人類使用

漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
FAO(Aquaculture systems: 產生; 漁業: 產生; publication : search) | FishSource | 周邊海洋

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 5.8 - 12.5, mean 9.5 (based on 528 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00377 - 0.00529), b=3.20 (3.16 - 3.24), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  3.1   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.3-0.7; tmax=8; Fecundity=3,800 - 169,800).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
價格種類 (Ref. 80766):   High.