Common names from other countries

Merlu européen, Merluza europea, Мерлуза восточноатлантическая, ... more

klasifikasi / Names Nama-nama umum | Sinonim (persamaan) | Catalog of Fishes(Marga, Jenis) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Gadiformes (Cods) > Merlucciidae (Merluccid hakes)
Etymology: Merluccius: Latin, mar, maris = the sea + Latin, lucius = pike (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

laut dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 18 - 1075 m (Ref. 58452), usually 70 - 400 m (Ref. 35388). Temperate; 76°N - 18°N, 30°W - 42°E (Ref. 58452)

Penyebaran Negara-negara | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ecosystems | Kemunculan | Point map | Introduksi | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: Norway and Iceland, southward to Mauritania. Also in the Mediterranean Sea and along the southern coast of the Black Sea.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur

Maturity: L_m 42.3, range 20 - 70 cm
Max length : 140 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 1371); common length : 45.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 1371); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 15.0 kg (Ref. 1371); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 20 Tahun (Ref. 35388)

deskripsi pendek Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik

Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 43 - 51; Sirip dubur lunak: 36 - 40. Inside of mouth and branchial cavity black. Second dorsal and anal fins notched. First vertebra and neural spine attached to skull. Vertebrae 50-52.

Minimum depth from Ref. 128002. Found usually between 70 and 370 m depth. Adults live close to the bottom during day-time, but move off-bottom at night. Adults feed mainly on fish (small hakes, anchovies, pilchard, herrings, cod fishes, sardines and gadoid species) and squids. The young feed on crustaceans (especially euphausiids and amphipods). Are batch spawners (Ref. 51846). Almost entirely marketed fresh, whole or filleted, to specialized restaurants or retail markets (Ref. 58452). Utilized fresh, dried or salted and frozen; can be steamed, fried, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Stocks seem to be over-fished (Ref. 35388).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva

Continuous recruitment of oocytes connotes indeterminate fecundity for this species (Ref. 79799).

rujukan utama Upload your references | Acuan | Koordinator | mitra

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)

Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)

kurang bimbang (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 October 2015

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

ancaman kepada manusia

Harmless

penggunaan manusia

Perikanan: bernilai komersial tinggi

FAO(Perikanan: production, profail spesis; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

informasi lanjut

Trophic ecology
Bahan makanan
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Pemangsa

Ecology
Ekologi
Home ranges

Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
ukuran frekuensi
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
Reproduksi, perkembang biakan
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larva
Dinamika larva

Distribution
Negara-negara
Daerah-daerah FAO
Ecosystems
Kemunculan
Introduksi
BRUVS - Videos

Anatomy
Gill areas
Otak
Otoliths

Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Suara-suara ikan
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
Genetika
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities

Human related
Aquaculture systems
profil budidaya air
Strain
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

Outreach
mitra

Taxonomy
Nama-nama umum
Sinonim (persamaan)
Morfologi
Morfometrik
Gambar

References
Acuan

Alat, peralatan

laporan khas

semak penyelenggaraan akuarium | semak helaian fakta spesis | semak helaian fakta aqulcalture

muat turun XML

ringkasan halaman | Point data | Nama-nama umum | fotos/gambar

Sumber internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 6.9 - 15.4, mean 10.2 (based on 672 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00479 (0.00431 - 0.00531), b=3.12 (3.09 - 3.15), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.

Daya lenting (Ref. 120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.07-0.3; tmax=20; Fecundity=7 million).

Prior r = 0.48, 95% CL = 0.32 - 0.72, Based on 34 full stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).

kategori harga (Ref. 80766): High.

Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758)