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Merluccius bilinearis (Mitchill, 1814)

Silver hake
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Merluccius bilinearis   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Merluccius bilinearis (Silver hake)
Merluccius bilinearis
Picture by Flescher, D.

Common names from other countries

Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Gadiformes (Cods) > Merlucciidae (Merluccid hakes)
Etymology: Merluccius: Latin, mar, maris = the sea + Latin, lucius = pike (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Mitchill.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie

seewasser demersal; ozeanodrom (Ref. 51243); tiefenbereich 55 - 914 m (Ref. 58452).   Temperate; 55°N - 24°N, 80°W - 42°W (Ref. 54581)

Verbreitung Länder | FAO Gebiete | Ecosystems | Vorkommen | Point map | Einführungen | Faunafri

Northwest Atlantic: coast of Canada and USA from Bell Isle Channel to the Bahamas; most common from southern Newfoundland to South Carolina.

Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter

Maturity: Lm 23.2  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 76.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 1371); common length : 37.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 1371); common length :65 cm TL (female); max. veröff. Gewicht: 2.3 kg (Ref. 1371); max. veröff. Alter: 12 Jahre (Ref. 1371)

Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 1; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 47 - 54; Afterflossenstacheln: 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 37 - 41. Head large, about 30% of SL . Pectoral fins long, reaching origin of anal fin. Overall color is silvery, somewhat brownish on back, whitish on belly.

Biologie     Fachlexikon (Englisch) (z.B. epibenthic)

Abundant on sandy grounds and strays into shallower waters. A voracious predator with cannibalistic habits. Individuals over 40 cm TL prey on fishes such as gadoids and herring, while smaller ones feed on crustaceans, i.e. euphausiids and pandalids; food also includes gaspereau, myctophids, smelt, silversides, mackerel, sand lance, butterfish, snakeblennies, longhorn sculpins and squids (Ref. 5951). The smallest specimen feeds mostly on crustaceans (Ref. 58452). Exhibits seasonal onshore-offshore migration (Ref. 9988). Spawning takes place from June-July in the mid-Atlantic region; July-August in the Gulf of Maine and to the north of Georges Bank, and August-September on the Scotian Shelf (Ref. 58452). Marketed fresh, smoked and frozen; fresh fish are exported to European markets; eaten fried, broiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Fortpflanzung | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Spawning appears to be strongly influenced by water temperature, and annual variations occur both in the peak and the range of the spawning period, which may influence considerably the growth of juveniles.

Hauptreferenz Upload your references | Referenzen | Koordinator | Partner

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)

  Gefährdung zunehmend (NT) ; Date assessed: 06 January 2015

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

  Harmless




Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: hoch kommerziell
FAO(Fischereien: production, Artbeschreibung; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Mehr Information

Ecology
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 0.9 - 7.8, mean 4.9 (based on 155 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00479 (0.00400 - 0.00573), b=3.11 (3.06 - 3.16), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179):  mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (K=0.18-0.4;tm=2-3; tmax=12).
Prior r = 0.26, 95% CL = 0.17 - 0.39, Based on 3 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766):   Low.