Common names from other countries
分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Centrarchiformes (Basses)
鱸形目 (Basses) >
Centrarchidae (Sunfishes)
棘臀魚科 (Sunfishes)
Etymology: Micropterus: Greek, mikros = small + Greek,pteron = wing, fin (Ref. 45335); salmoides: salmoides meaning trout-like (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 10 - ?; 深度上下限 0 - 6 m (Ref. 1998). 亞熱帶的; 10°C - 32°C (Ref. 12741); 46°N - 24°N, 125°W - 65°W (Ref. 89798)
North America: St. Lawrence - Great Lakes, and Mississippi River basins from southern Quebec to Minnesota and south to Gulf; Atlantic and Gulf drainages from North Carolina to Florida and to northern Mexico. The species has been introduced widely as a game fish and is now cosmopolitan. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
北美洲: 聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區，哈得遜灣 (紅河) 與密西西比河流域; 來自北卡羅萊那州到佛羅里達與到墨西哥北部的大西洋的流域。 此魚種已經廣泛地被引入作為一個遊釣魚類而且是現在世界的。 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 97.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 86798); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 556); 最大體重: 10.1 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年齡: 23 年 (Ref. 46974)
背棘 (總數) : 10; 背的軟條 (總數) : 11 - 14; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 10 - 12; 脊椎骨: 30 - 32.
嘴大的; 顎的延伸超過眼。 腹鰭不被一個薄膜連結了。 綠色到橄欖色背面, 乳白色到黃色的腹地, 具有一個從鰓蓋到尾鰭基底延續的黑色的條紋。 尾鰭圓的。 尾鰭有 17個鰭條。 (參考文獻 2196)
Inhabit lakes, ponds, swamps, and backwaters and pools of creeks, and small to large rivers (Ref. 86798). Usually found over mud or sand and common in impoundments (Ref. 5723). They prefer quiet, clear water and over-grown banks. Adults feed on fishes, crayfish and frogs; young feed on crustaceans, insects and small fishes. Sometimes cannibalistic. They don't feed during spawning; as well as when the water temperature is below 5°C and above 37°C (Ref. 30578). Builds nest at 25 mm-203 mm deep (Ref. 1998). An introduced species in Europe reported to avoid fast-flowing waters and to occur in estuaries with a salinity up to 13 ppt (Ref. 59043). Popular game fish in North America. Preyed upon by herons, bitterns, and kingfishers (Ref. 1998). Excellent food fish (Ref. 1998).
棲息於清澈的, 長滿植物的湖泊，池塘，沼澤。 也在小溪的洄水區與水池與河中.(參考文獻 5723) 偏愛安靜，清澈的水域與生長過度的淺堆。 成魚吃魚，小龍蝦與青蛙; 幼魚捕食甲殼動物，昆蟲與小魚。 有時同類相食的。 在產卵的時候不進食; 以及當水溫在 5 °C 與上方 37 °C 之下的時候.(參考文獻 30578) 在北美洲的受歡迎的遊釣魚類。 被蒼鷺，鷺鷥與魚狗捕食了。 (參考文獻 1998) 優良的食用魚.(參考文獻 1998)
The male which becomes aggressive and territorial builds the nest on muddy bottoms of shallow water. A female may spawn with several males on different nests. The male guards and fans the eggs for about 29 days (Ref. 93240). Spawning takes place spring to summer or when temperature reaches 15°C. Adults mate between the age of 5-12 years (Ref. 11243). Also Ref, 88808).北美洲: 聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區，哈得遜灣 (紅河) 與密西西比河流域; 來自北卡羅萊那州到佛羅里達與到墨西哥北部的大西洋的流域。 此魚種已經廣泛地被引入作為一個遊釣魚類而且是現在世界的。 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 14 November 2018
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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網路資源
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00903 - 0.01214), b=3.08 (3.04 - 3.12), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.06-0.14; tm=3-5; tmax=16; Fec=2,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
