Croatia country information

Common names: Cipavica, Gavorica, Gira oštrulja
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Species maena and flexuosa observed to have some difference, with the former more blue and can grow bigger, it spawns in September on poseidonia and observed to be fighthing for mates; the latter spawns in winter at depts of 30 -50 meters on different bottom (lignja@submania.hr, pers. comm. 09/2006).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/hr.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Bauchot, M.-L., 1987
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Mendole, Chucla, Мэнола, ... more

Classificatie / Names Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Spicara: Latin, spicare = furnished with spike (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Issue
Spicara flexuosa Rafinesque, 1810 is a valid species (Ref. 124120). Species page to be created.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien; diepte 30 - 130 m (Ref. 7349). Subtropical; 47°N - 28°N, 19°W - 42°E

Verspreiding Landen | FAO regio's | Ecosystemen | Voorkomen | Point map | Introducties | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: Portugal, Morocco, and Canary Islands including the Mediterranean and Black Sea.

Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: L_m 11.5 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 6518); 21.0 cm SL (female)

Adults are found in the neritic zone, commonly over Posidonia beds and on sand, muddy and rock bottoms down to about 100 m (Ref. 6518, 124120). They are distributed at depths of 30m to 90m (Ref. 56124). Feed on zooplankton. Are protogynous hermaphrodites. A demersal spawner (Ref. 124120).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Sex reversal occurs at lengths over 10.9 cm TL in the northeastern Mediterranean (Ref. 93202). Also Ref. 103751.

Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator | Medewerkers

Heemstra, P.C., 1990. Centracanthidae. p. 768-772. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7349)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 August 2009

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

Harmless

Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: van minder commercieel belang; sportvis: ja

FAO(visserij: productie; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 13 - 18.1, mean 14.5 (based on 87 cells).

Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00999 - 0.01203), b=3.03 (3.00 - 3.06), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278): 4.2 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.

Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.24; tmax=5).

Prior r = 1.01, 95% CL = 0.66 - 1.51, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).

Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766): High.

Spicara maena (Linnaeus, 1758)