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Spicara maena (Linnaeus, 1758)

Blotched picarel
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Spicara maena   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Spicara maena
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Croatia country information

Common names: Cipavica, Gavorica, Gira oštrulja
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Species maena and flexuosa observed to have some difference, with the former more blue and can grow bigger, it spawns in September on poseidonia and observed to be fighthing for mates; the latter spawns in winter at depts of 30 -50 meters on different bottom (lignja@submania.hr, pers. comm. 09/2006).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/hr.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Bauchot, M.-L., 1987
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Mendole, Chucla, Мэнола, ... more

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) 鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sparidae (Porgies) 鯛科 (Porgies)
Etymology: Spicara: Latin, spicare = furnished with spike (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Linnaeus.

Issue
Spicara flexuosa Rafinesque, 1810 is a valid species (Ref. 124120). Species page to be created.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

海洋; 深度上下限 30 - 130 m (Ref. 7349).   亞熱帶的; 47°N - 28°N, 19°W - 42°E

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Eastern Atlantic: Portugal, Morocco, and Canary Islands including the Mediterranean and Black Sea.
東大西洋: 葡萄牙，摩洛哥與加納利群島包括地中海與黑海。

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm 11.5  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6518); 21.0 cm SL (female)

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Adults are found in the neritic zone, commonly over Posidonia beds and on sand, muddy and rock bottoms down to about 100 m (Ref. 6518, 124120). They are distributed at depths of 30m to 90m (Ref. 56124). Feed on zooplankton. Are protogynous hermaphrodites. A demersal spawner (Ref. 124120).

淺海的。 普遍在 Posidonia 床上與在沙子或泥底部上.(參考文獻 6518) 吃浮游動物。 一個雌性先熟的雌雄同體。

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚

Sex reversal occurs at lengths over 10.9 cm TL in the northeastern Mediterranean (Ref. 93202). Also Ref. 103751.東大西洋: 葡萄牙，摩洛哥與加納利群島包括地中海與黑海。

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者

Heemstra, P.C., 1990. Centracanthidae. p. 768-772. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7349)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

  無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 August 2009

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  無害處的




人類使用

漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
FAO(漁業: 產生; publication : search) | FishSource | 周邊海洋

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 13 - 18.1, mean 14.5 (based on 87 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5039   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00999 - 0.01203), b=3.03 (3.00 - 3.06), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  4.2   ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.24; tmax=5).
Prior r = 1.01, 95% CL = 0.66 - 1.51, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
價格種類 (Ref. 80766):   High.