Canada country information

Common names: Blueback, Coho, Coho salmon
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: occasional (usually not seen) | Ref: Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011
Importance: commercial | Ref: Coker, G.A., C.B. Portt and C.K. Minns, 2001
Aquaculture: commercial | Ref:
Regulations: restricted | Ref: Fisheries Branch, 1994
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Native to the Yukon Territory and British Columbia; introduced into other provinces (Ref. 52559), from Northwest Territories (Ref. 58426) to Québec (Ref. 52559). Occurs in the Great Lakes (Ref. 119192). Also Ref. 2850, 4925, 27436, 86798, 95479, 119194, 125578. Status of threat: 1). Interior Fraser River population: endangered. Criteria: 1,2,3,4; and 2). Lower Columbia River population: threatenened. Criteria: 1,2,3,4 (http://fisc.er.usgs.gov/afs/) (Ref. 81264).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ca.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.ncr.dfo.ca/home_e.htm
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Saumon argenté, Salmón plateado, Кижуч, ... more

Classification / Names Nomi Comuni | Sinonimi | Catalog of Fishes(Genere, Specie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Salmoniformes (Salmons) > Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Salmoninae
Etymology: Oncorhynchus: Greek, onyx, -ychos = nail + Greek, rhyngchos = snout (Ref. 45335); kisutch: Most probably a typo in the emendada p720 for kisutch, which is the vernacular name of this fish in Kamtchatka (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Walbaum.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marino; acqua dolce; salmastro; anadromo (Ref. 51243); distribuzione batimetrica 0 - 250 m (Ref. 50550). Subtropical; 0°C - 25°C (Ref. 35682); 72°N - 22°N, 135°E - 111°W (Ref. 117423)

Distribuzione Stati | Aree FAO | Ecosystems | Presenze | Point map | Introduzioni | Faunafri

North Pacific: distributed from the Anadyr River in Russia south towards Hokkaido, Japan, and from Point Hope in Alaska southwards to Chamalu Bay in Baja California, Mexico.

Size / Peso / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 108 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 40637); 65.5 cm (female); common length : 71.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 593); common length :59.5 cm (female); peso massimo pubblicato: 15.2 kg (Ref. 40637); Età massima riportata: 5 anni (Ref. 36794)

Short description Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria

Spine dorsali (totale) : 0; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 9 - 13; Spine anali: 0; Raggi anali molli: 12 - 17; Vertebre: 61 - 69. Characterized by the presence of small black spots on the back and on the upper lobe of the caudal fin, and by the lack of dark pigment along the gum line of the lower jaw (Ref. 27547). The gill rakers are rough and widely spaced; the lateral line is nearly straight (Ref. 27547). The adipose fin is slender; the pelvic fins have an axillary extension (Ref. 27547). Fish in the sea are dark metallic blue or greenish on the back and upper sides, a brilliant silver color on middle and lower sides, and white below; small black spots are present on the back and upper sides and on the upper lobe of the caudal fin (Ref. 27547). During the spawning season fish turn dark to bright green on head and back, bright red on the sides, and often dark on the belly (Ref. 27547). Females are less brightly colored than males (Ref. 27547).

The fish occur in the ocean or in lakes; adults return to the rivers where they were born (Ref. 27547). The young fish emerge in springtime and they usually live in fresh water for 1-2 years (sometimes up to 4 years, Ref. 27547); later they migrate at night to freshwater lakes or to the sea (Ref. 1998). Epipelagic (Ref. 58426). The fish that stay more than two years in fresh water and become sexually ripe without ever going to sea, are called residuals; they never spawn (Ref. 27547). Young fish in lakes and rivers eat mainly insects; they stay almost entirely in deep parts of the river and soon become strongly territorial (Ref. 27547). Upon reaching the sea, the smolts remain close to the coast for a certain time, eating planktonic crustaceans (Ref. 27547). As they grow, they migrate farther out into the sea and hunt larger organisms (Ref. 27547) such as jellyfish, squids and fishes (Ref. 58426). They are hunted by various fishes, birds (mergansers, loons and kingfishers), mammals and lampreys (Ref. 1998). This kind is traded as fresh fish, dried or salted, smoked, canned, preserved and frozen (Ref. 9988). They are steamed, grilled, broiled, cooked in the microwave and baked (Ref. 9988).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve

Adults migrate from the sea or lake, school at mouths of rivers, and move upstream when rains increase river flow (Ref. 1998). As a rule, the winter entries (December and January) occur in the southern part of the range, with appearance in fresh water becoming progressively earlier to the north (Ref. 30381, 30382, 30383). At the spawning area, the female finds a spot and digs a pitt. At this point she is aggressive toward other females. While digging, an attendant male courts her or is busy driving away other males. As soon as the pitt is completed, the female drops into it and is immediately followed by the male. The pair are side by side, they open their mouth, quiver and release egg and sperm (Ref. 27547). At this point, other males move in and release sperm into the nest (Ref. 1998). The female quickly moves to the upstream edge of the nest and starts digging a new pitt, covering the eggs. The whole process is repeated for several days until the female deposits all her eggs. The male then leaves and may seek another female. The spent female usually continues to dig, until she dies (Ref. 27547). Reproductive strategy: synchronous ovarian organization, determinate fecundity (Ref. 51846).

Main reference Upload your references | Bibliografia | Coordinatore | Collaboratori

Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Not Evaluated

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Pesca: elevato interesse commerciale; Acquacoltura: commerciale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si

FAO(Aquaculture systems: production, species profile; pesca: production, species profile; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 1 - 8.9, mean 3.9 (based on 453 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00482 - 0.02276), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 4.2 ±0.70 se; based on food items.

Resilienza (Ref. 120179): Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (K=0.98(?); tm=2-4; Fec=1,400).

Prior r = 0.32, 95% CL = 0.21 - 0.48, Based on 2 full stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum, 1792)

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names Nomi Comuni | Sinonimi | Catalog of Fishes(Genere, Specie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

Distribuzione Stati | Aree FAO | Ecosystems | Presenze | Point map | Introduzioni | Faunafri

Size / Peso / Age

Short description Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria

Biologia Glossario (es. epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Riproduzione | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larve

Main reference Upload your references | Bibliografia | Coordinatore | Collaboratori

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

CITES (Ref. 128078)

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Threat to humans

Human uses

Informazioni ulteriori

Strumenti

Special reports

Download XML

Fonti Internet

Estimates based on models