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Dissostichus eleginoides Smitt, 1898

Patagonian toothfish
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Dissostichus eleginoides   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Dissostichus eleginoides (Patagonian toothfish)
Dissostichus eleginoides
Picture by INIDEP

Common names from other countries

Légine australe, Austromerluza negra, Клыкач патагонский, ... more

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Perciformes/Notothenioidei (Icefishes) > Nototheniidae (Cod icefishes) > Pleuragrammatinae
Etymology: Dissostichus: Greek, disso = twice, one or other + Greek, stix, stichos =line, row (Ref. 45335);  eleginoides: eleginoides deriving from the genus Eleginops for an assumed resemblance to that genus (Ref. 11892).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; pelagic-oceanic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 0 - 2144 m (Ref. 127764), usually 70 - 1500 m (Ref. 2121).   Temperate; 33°S - 66°S, 77°W - 180°E (Ref. 54228)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Southeast Pacific and Southwest Atlantic: southern Chile round the coast to Patagonia (Argentina) and the Falkland Islands. Southwest Pacific: Macquarie Island. Southern Ocean: South Georgia. Also known from sub-Antarctic islands and seamounts of the Indian sector.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm 49.0, range 38 - 60 cm
Max length : 215 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2121); common length : 70.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2121); max. published weight: 9.6 kg (Ref. 58336); max. reported age: 31 years (Ref. 87879)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 8 - 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 28 - 30; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 28 - 30; Vertebrae: 53 - 54. Lateral line scales 88-104 (upper), 61-77 (lower).

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

At 12-15 cm TL, semi-pelagic juveniles become demersal at 150-400 m depth (Ref. 55957). Adults migrate to deeper habitats at depths greater than 1,000 m (Ref. 55957). Utilized as food fish (Ref. 4931).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

May spawn for the first time from around 8-10 years of age (Ref. 71843).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Dewitt, H.H., P.C. Heemstra and O. Gon, 1990. Nototheniidae. p. 279-331. In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Fishes of the Southern Ocean. J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa. (Ref. 5179)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Not Evaluated 

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless




Human uses

Fisheries: commercial
FAO(Fisheries: production, species profile; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Internet sources

Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | GOBASE | | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | National databases | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | RFE Identification | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia(Go, Search) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 1.8 - 8.8, mean 4.5 (based on 1109 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.7500   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00631 (0.00362 - 0.01099), b=3.15 (2.99 - 3.31), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.8 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref. 120179):  Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Fec=230,000; tmax>=21).
Prior r = 0.33, 95% CL = 0.21 - 0.49, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (81 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Very high.