| Family: |
Batrachoididae (Toadfishes), subfamily: Porichthyinae |
| Max. size: |
38 cm TL (male/unsexed) |
| Environment: |
demersal; marine; depth range 0 - 366 m |
| Distribution: |
Eastern Pacific: Sitka, Alaska to Magdalena Bay, southern Baja California, Mexico. Records from areas south of Baja California and in the Gulf of California are in error. Two populations exist, one from Oregon northward and the other from San Francisco southward (Ref. 2850). |
| Diagnosis: |
Dorsal spines (total): 2-2; Dorsal soft rays (total): 33-37; Anal spines: 0-0; Anal soft rays: 30-35; Vertebrae: 42-46. Caudal fin rounded and narrow; pectorals broad (Ref. 6885). Olive brown to bronze or dark iridescent purple on dorsal surface, paler on sides with a golden yellow on ventral surface; white space under eye with a black crescent below; white on posterior edge of maxillary; young with a weak dark dorsal saddle (Ref. 6885). Branchiostegal rays: 6 (Ref. 36489). |
| Biology: |
Ranges from intertidal areas (where they may remain out of water under rocks or seaweeds, Ref. 31184) to deeper water over sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 4925). Adults make vertical migrations at night (Ref. 6885). Feed on crustaceans and fishes (Ref. 6885). Oviparous with eggs and larvae attached to nest wall (Ref. 36489). Nest is guarded by male (Ref. 36489). Important prey item for seals and sea lions (Ref. 2850). Adults breathe air when out of water (Ref. 31184). Possess photophores which are arranged on the underside of the head in a 'U' fashion. |
| IUCN Red List Status: |
Least Concern (LC); Date assessed: 22 May 2007 Ref. (130435)
|
| Threat to humans: |
harmless |
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