Neoniphon vexillarium (Poey, 1860)
Dusky squirrelfish
photo by Muséum-Aquarium de Nancy/B. Alenda

Family:  Holocentridae (Squirrelfishes, soldierfishes), subfamily: Holocentrinae
Max. size:  18 cm TL (male/unsexed)
Environment:  reef-associated; marine; depth range 0 - 20 m
Distribution:  Western Atlantic: Bermuda and Florida, USA to northern South America.
Diagnosis:  Dorsal spines (total): 11-11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13-13; Anal spines: 4-4; Anal soft rays: 9-9. Upper profile angular. Mouth small, lower jaw fitting into upper. Lower opercular spine longer and stronger than upper. Axil of pectoral dark, jet black in small specimens, dusky brown in large (Ref. 37108). Head and nape clear bright red. Body with alternating streaks of red and white (Ref. 37108).
Biology:  Inhabits inshore reefs and tide pools. Hides in small recesses. Common, but rarely seen (Ref. 9710). Nocturnal species (Ref. 26938). Intertidal observations were also reported (Ref. 49162).
IUCN Red List Status: Least Concern (LC); Date assessed: 29 January 2013 Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  harmless


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