Hymenocephalus billsam Marshall & Iwamoto, 1973
Hymenocephalus billsam
photo by Fischer, L.G.

Family:  Macrouridae (Grenadiers or rattails)
Max. size:  39.5 cm TL (male/unsexed); max.weight: 270.9 g
Environment:  bathypelagic; marine; depth range 400 - 900 m
Distribution:  Western Central Atlantic: Straits of Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and off Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Diagnosis:  Dorsal soft rays (total): 10-13. This species is distinguished by the following characters: pelvic fin rays 12-14 (usually 13-14); pectoral fin rays 14-17; projecting snout, 20-25% HL; short barbel, 4-5% HL, does not reach vertical through anterior margin of orbit; moderate orbit diameter, 28-35% HL; infraorbital width 12-15% HL; moderately long preopercular supporter, with angle at rear margin, 5-6% HL; 23-28 gill rakers; ventral striae reaching to ½ to ? distance from pelvic fin bases to periproct; otolith has moderately high predorsal lobe, with colliculi separated, closely placed across collum, terminating at some distance from anterior and posterior rims of otolith; otolith length to height (OL:OH), 1.05; total colliculum length to pseudocolliculum length (TCL:PCL), 2.6-2.8 (Ref. 98298).
Biology: 
IUCN Red List Status: Least Concern (LC); Date assessed: 09 October 2018 Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  harmless


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