Garra sindhae Lyon, Geiger & Freyhof, 2016

Family:  Cyprinidae (Minnows or carps), subfamily: Labeoninae
Max. size:  8.47 cm SL (male/unsexed)
Environment:  benthopelagic; freshwater; depth range 0 - 1 m
Distribution:  Asia: Oman.
Diagnosis:  Dorsal spines (total): 0-0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10-10; Anal spines: 0-0; Anal soft rays: 8-8. Diagnosis: Garra sindhae is distinguished from the other species of Garra of the Omani Dhofar province by the following combination of characters: it differs from G. smarti by having the belly and breast behind the pectoral-fin origin fully covered by deeply embedded scales vs. scales absent in front of the posterior pectoral-fin base, 8-12 gill rakers on lower limb of first gill arch vs. 13-15, maximum body depth at about middle between nape and dorsal-fin origin vs. maximum body depth at dorsal-fin origin, a prominent hump on back in some individuals vs. no hump, and the oral disc being wider than long vs. longer than wide; it is distinguished from G. dunsirei, a troglomorphic species, by having normally developed eyes, visible in ventral view vs. very small, not visible in ventral view, 14-16 circumpeduncular scales vs. 12, 8-12 gill rakers on lower limb of first gill arch vs. 6-7, and breast and belly fully covered by deeply embedded scales vs. scales reduced or absent (Ref. 111064). Garra lautior and G. mamshuqua are species from Wadi Hadramut; Garra sindhi is distinguished from G. lautior by having a fully-scaled breast and belly vs. naked in front of anal fin, and from G. mamshuqua by lacking tubercles on snout vs. present, and the central callous pad being much longer than the anteromedian fold vs. about equal (Ref. 111064). It is distinguished from the Garra species in the north of Oman by lacking tubercles on the head vs. present at least in mature males (Ref. 111064).

Description: Body elongated, moderately compressed laterally, more compressed in region of caudal peduncle; dorsal head profile rising gently, almost straight, more or less continuous with dorsal body profile to about middle between nape and dorsal-fin origin; dorsal profile decreasing between middle between nape and dorsal-fin origin and about base of last dorsal-fin ray; slightly decreasing until caudal peduncle; ventral profile more or less straight to anal-fin origin (Ref. 111064). Head small, with flat interorbital distance, height at nape less than head length, width at nape greater than depth at nape, without tubercles; snout pointed, transverse groove absent; proboscis not or only slightly elevated from depressed rostral surface; depressed rostral fold poorly expressed; no groove between transverse lobe and lateral surface; eye placed dorso-laterally in anterior half of head; barbels in two pairs; rostral barbel antero-laterally located, shorter yhan eye diameter; maxillary barbel at corner of mouth, shorter than rostral barbel; rostral cap well-developed, fimbriate, papillate on ventral surface; upper lip present as a thin band of papillae; upper jaw almost or completely covered by rostral cap; lower jaw slightly curved or straight; disc elliptical, shorter than wide or as long as wide and narrower than head width through base of maxillary barbel; papillae on anteromedian fold of same size, regularly arranged; groove between anteromedian fold and central callous-pad narrow and deep in some individuals or shallow and wide in others, papillae on latero-posterior flap of same size and distance as on papillae on anteromedian fold; anterior marginal surface of central callous pad without or with sparsely arranged small papillae; papillae on anteromedian fold and on latero-posterior flap almost or completely absent in some individuals; posterior margin of latero-posterior flap extending vertical to anterior or posterior margin of eye; in some individuals, only the posterior tip of latero-posterior flap is free while in others, the whole rim is free (Ref. 111064). Dorsal fin with 3 simple and 7.5 branched rays, last simple ray slightly shorter than or equally long as head length; distal margin concave; origin at middle between snout tip and last scale on caudal-fin base; inserted anterior to vertical from pelvic-fin origin; first branched ray longest, tip of last branched ray reaching vertical of anus; pectoral fin with 1 simple and 12 branched rays, reaching midway or slightly beyond distance between pectoral- and pelvic-fin origin, length shorter than head length; pelvic fin with 1 simple and 7-8 branched rays, reaching to, or slightly in front of anus, origin closer to anal-fin origin than to pectoral-fin origin, inserted below second or fourth branched dorsal-fin ray; anal fin short, with 3 simple and 5.5 branched rays; first branched ray longest, reaching to dark grey or black blotch on posterior caudal peduncle or slightly anterior to it; distal margin concave; origin almost in middle between caudal-fin base and pelvic-fin origin; 2 scales between anus and anal-fin origin; caudal fin forked, with 9+8 branched rays; tip of lobes pointed; upper lobe longer than lower lobe (Ref. 111064). With 8-12 small and very short gill rakers on lower limb of first gill arch (Ref. 111064). Lateral line complete, with 34 scales on body and 2 scales on anterior caudal fin; transverse scale rows above lateral line 3.5-4.5; between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 3.5 and between lateral line and anal-fin origin 3.5-4.5; circumpeduncular scale rows 14-16; predorsal scales smaller than flank scales, irregularly arranged, anterior predorsal scales deeply embedded; belly and breast behind pectoral-fin origin scales, scales deeply embedded; one long axillary scale at base of pelvic fin, and 6-8 scales between posteriormost pelvic-fin base and anus (Ref. 111064).

Colouration: Colouration in living specimens: head, back and flank brown with an olive green hue; a faith yellow or golden mid-dorsal stripe on back; ventral surface pale white; flank darkest along midlateral line with an irregular shaped, wide, dark-brown stripe; caudal, dorsal, pectoral and pelvic-fins with yellowish or greenish rays and hyaline membranes; branched dorsal-fin ray 4-7.5 with a black spot slightly above base, in some individuals black spot continuous with black dorsal-fin rays; anal fin hyaline or with greenish pigments at its distal part; a dark-brown blotch behind upper edge of operculum; a dark-brown blotch at middle of posterior-most caudal peduncle in individuals smaller than 40 mm standard length (Ref. 111064). Colouration in ethanol-preserved specimens: head, back and flank brown; ventral surface pale grey; flank darker brown along midlateral line than on upper and lower flank, scales with dark-brown margin and pale-brown centre giving the flank a slightly reticulate pattern; individual flank scales whitish in centre; caudal, dorsal, pectoral and pelvic fins with grey rays and hyaline membranes; branched dorsal-fin ray 4-7.5 with a black spot slightly above base, in some individuals, black spot continuous with black dorsal-fin rays; anal fin hyaline or grey at its distal part; a dark-brown blotch behind upper edge of operculum; a dark-brown blotch at middle of posterior-most caudal peduncle in individuals smaller than 40 mm standard length (Ref. 111064).

Biology:  This species was found in a large pool of about 40×35 m with stagnant water and an average depth of around 60-80 cm; the water in the pool was clear and Spirogyra sp. and Ceratophyllum demersum were growing along the edges of the bank, as well as several stands of Typha domingensis; the pool has a coarse gravel bed of round limestone pebbles and is frequently visited by livestock and wildlife, including observed Ardea cinerea, Ixobrychus sinensis and Podiceps nigricollis (Ref. 111064).
IUCN Red List Status: Not Evaluated (N.E.) Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  harmless


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