Main Ref. | Myers, R.F., 1999 |
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Remarks | Inhabits reef flats and coastal bottoms (Ref. 9710) but is rarely seen because it lies buried in sand or mud most of the time, with only the eyes showing. When buried, the cirri on the edge of the mouth serve to keep out the sand during respiration. The oral lure is used to attract the prey within striking range of the mouth. The shoulder has a venomous cleithral spine; wounds can be serious. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom |
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Substrate Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
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Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Замечание | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
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From individual food items | 4.05 | 0.70 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
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