Main Ref. | Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986 |
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Remarks | Inhabits the surf zone along sandy beaches, but in clear water. Also occurs over muddy bottoms in estuaries and sometimes near coral reef areas. Foraged over the bottom by swimming at about 1-2 cm above the bottom and stopped at selected site. With its body slightly prone, about 15° or 20°, it buried its mouth into the sand and ejected sediment through itas mouth and gill openings, producing a dense sandy cloud (Ref. 40104). Feeds on small crustaceans washed out of sand by the surf (Ref. 5521) |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom |
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Substrate Ref. | |
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Special habitats Ref. |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Druzhinin, A.D., 1974 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Gómez-Canchong, P., L. Manjarrés M., L.O. Duarte and J. Altamar, 2004 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Замечание | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.10 | 0.17 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
From individual food items | 3.28 | 0.46 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
ссылка | Gómez-Canchong, P., L. Manjarrés M., L.O. Duarte and J. Altamar, 2004 |