Main Ref. | Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990 |
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Remarks | Benthopelagic to pelagic over muddy bottoms. Occurs mostly between 100-200 m (Ref. 1371). Feeds mostly on planktonic crustaceans (copepods, euphausiids, shrimps, amphipods) but also on small fish and various eggs and larvae (Ref. 1371). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Albert, O.T., 1994 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Greenstreet, S.P.R., 1996 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.24 | 3.20 | 0.34 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
From individual food items | 3.73 | 0.65 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Albert, O.T., 1994 |