Main Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
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Remarks | Occurs inshore (Ref. 75154). Found around coral and rock patches in shallow protected sandy areas (Ref. 9710). Often seen staying near the substrate (Ref. 128523). Amphipods, small crustaceans, and polychaetes have been reported from the stomachs of Japanese specimens. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | Shao, K.-T. and L.-S. Chen, 1992 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.34 | 0.42 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |