主要參考文獻 | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
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附註 | Inhabits inshore and offshore coral reefs. Found within caves at night (Ref. 9626). Often found in tangles of staghorn coral; anywhere there is abundant algae on reefs (Ref. 26938). Feeds mainly on algae but also on harpacticoid copepods, small gastropods, eggs of mollusks, sponges, polychaetes and hydroids (Ref. 9626); also feeds on detritus, plants and other benthic organisms (Ref. 33). Juveniles subsist on the external parasites of fishes (Ref. 5521). Pugnaciously guards large territories, will chase and nip intruders of all sizes, including divers (Ref. 9710). Territorial herbivore (Ref. 57616). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
參考文獻 | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | Cleaned by goby (Gobiosoma evelynae and others) as observed on the coral reefs in Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles (Ref. 36810). |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
攝取食物的類型 | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
攝取食物的習慣 | grazing on aquatic plants |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
從食物內容 | 3.27 | 0.26 | 2.72 | 0.24 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
從個別的食物項目 | 2.82 | 0.33 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
參考文獻 | Randall, J.E., 1967 |