Main Ref. | Hiatt, R.W. and D.W. Strasburg, 1960 |
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Remarks | Occurs in inshore waters of the continental shelf. A schooling species (Refs. 75154, 127989). Zooplanktivorous. Pelagic inshore (Ref. 127989). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Pelagic; |
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Substrate Ref. | Golani, D., E. Azurro, J. Dulčić, E. Massutí and L. Orsi-Relini, 2021 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Hiatt, R.W. and D.W. Strasburg, 1960 |
Feeding habit | selective plankton feeding |
Feeding habit Ref. | Hiatt, R.W. and D.W. Strasburg, 1960 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.13 | 0.00 | 3.07 | 0.13 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.24 | 0.33 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Milton, D.A., S.J.M. Blaber and N.J.F. Rawlinson, 1990 |