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Ecology of Sphoeroides testudineus
 
Main Ref. Pauly, D., 1991
Remarks Has been observed to manipulate prey using its beak-like teeth, but primarily crushes items within the oral cavity, using its crushing plates (Ref. 45549).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Sphoeroides testudineus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref. Pauly, D., 1991
Feeding habit hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.
Trophic Level(s)
Estimation method Original sample Unfished population Remark
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition 3.24 0.46
From individual food items 3.44 0.41 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref. Austin, H. and S. Austin, 1971
(e.g. 346)
(e.g. oophagy)
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