Ecology Summary - Sillago sihama

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Main Ref.	Blaber, S.J.M., 1980
Remarks	Found inshore (Ref. 75154). Inhabit sandy areas in sea inlets (Ref. 9137). Common along beaches, sandbars, mangrove creeks and estuaries. Recorded from freshwater. Form schools. Adults bury themselves in the sand when disturbed (Refs. 6205, 9773). Feed mainly on polychaete worms, small prawns (Penaeus), shrimps and amphipods (Refs. 6226, 6227, 9773). Larvae and juveniles are pelagic feeding on plankton (Ref. 43081). Benthic shoaling species. Known to burrow in the sand to feed and hide from predators (Ref. 9773).

Main Ref.

Blaber, S.J.M., 1980

Remarks

Found inshore (Ref. 75154). Inhabit sandy areas in sea inlets (Ref. 9137). Common along beaches, sandbars, mangrove creeks and estuaries. Recorded from freshwater. Form schools. Adults bury themselves in the sand when disturbed (Refs. 6205, 9773). Feed mainly on polychaete worms, small prawns (Penaeus), shrimps and amphipods (Refs. 6226, 6227, 9773). Larvae and juveniles are pelagic feeding on plankton (Ref. 43081). Benthic shoaling species. Known to burrow in the sand to feed and hide from predators (Ref. 9773).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Sillago sihama may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand;
Substrate Ref.	Broad, G., 2003
Special habitats	Coral Reefs; Other habitats: burrows;
Special habitats Ref.	Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006

Associations

Ref.
Associations	shoaling;
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Chacko, P.I., 1949
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Chacko, P.I., 1949

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition	3.33	0.10	3.30	0.38	Troph of juv./adults from 11 studies.
From individual food items	3.30	0.46			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Gunn, J.S. and N.E. Milward, 1985

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