Main Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
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Remarks | Found over rubble, silty or sandy (Also Ref. 128694) bottoms (Ref. 9710). Feeds on plankton (Ref. 9710). Planktivore (Ref. 57616). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; silt; Hard Bottom: rubble; |
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Substrate Ref. | Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1996 |
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Associations | schooling; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | Often in small groups hovering over a patch of coral rubble or an old conch shell (Ref. 13442). |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
Feeding habit | selective plankton feeding |
Feeding habit Ref. | Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff, 2005 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.08 | 0.22 | 3.07 | 0.12 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | |||||
Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |