Main Ref. | Böhlke, J.E. and C.C.G. Chaplin, 1993 |
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Remarks | Inhabits rocky and weedy areas. Feeds on caridean shrimp and small fish. Synchronously hermaphroditic. Mobile invertebrate feeder (Ref. 57616). Predominantly inhabits sandy substrates (Ref. 128694). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Harper, L.M., J.S. Lefcheck, R. Whippo, M.S. Jones, Z. Foltz and J.E. Duffy, 2022 |
Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Böhlke, J.E. and C.C.G. Chaplin, 1993 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Böhlke, J.E. and C.C.G. Chaplin, 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.05 | 0.70 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |