Main Ref. | Stauffer, J.R. Jr., R. Bills, P.H. Skelton and O.L.F. Weyl, 2020 |
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Remarks | It occupies mostly complex habitats in water shallower than 10 m; in southern Lake Malawi it is generally associated with the rock/sand interface or, associated with submerged aquatic vegetation and among reed beds in shallow water and inlets (Ref. 128638). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Winemiller, K.O., 1991 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.14 | 0.67 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |