Main Ref. | Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991 |
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Remarks | Inhabits rocky and sandy pools of headwaters, creeks and small rivers. One of the most common fishes in eastern North America (Ref. 5723). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
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Special habitats Ref. |
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Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Keast, A., 1968 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Keast, A., 1968 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.02 | 0.53 | 3.85 | 0.58 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.21 | 0.47 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Keast, A., 1968 |