Main Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
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Remarks | Found mostly in shallow coral reef and rocky areas. Lies motionless on the bottom (Ref. 9710). Feeds mostly on other fishes and crustaceans. Moderately common below about 5 m depth to at least 55 m. Displays characteristic bright white spots on dark background of pectoral axil when disturbed (Ref. 49392). Maco-carnivore (Ref. 126840). Dwells in seagrass habitats in Belize. Forms facultative associations with sea anemones (Ref. 128695). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; Other habitats: deep-water corals; |
Special habitats Ref. | Simon, T., H.T. Pinheiro, R.L. Moura, A. Carvalho-Filho, L.A. Rocha, A.S. Martins, E. Mazzei, R.B. Francini-Filho, G.M. Amado-Filho and J.-C. Joyeux, 2016 |
Ref. | Brooker, R.M., W.E. Feeney, T.L. Sih, M.C.O. Ferrari and D.P. Chivers, 2019 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | Stichodactyla helianthus; Condylactis gigantea. |
Association remarks | On the column but not in contact with the tentacles of Stichodactyla helianthus and Condylactis gigantea. |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.56 | 0.27 | 3.78 | 0.54 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
From individual food items | 4.04 | 0.61 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |